Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 541 support textual information and a BLOB does not. But the options we specify for them—the CHUNKSIZE, PCTVERSION, and so on—and the considerations are the same, regardless of the base type. Since BFILEs are significantly different, we’ll discuss them separately. Internal LOBs The syntax for a LOB is, on the face of it, very simple—deceptively simple. You may create tables with column datatypes of CLOB, BLOB, or NCLOB, and that is it. They are as simple to use as the NUMBER, DATE, or VARCHAR2 type: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> create table t 2 ( id int primary key, 3 txt clob 4 ) 5 / Table created. Or are they? That small example shows the tip of the iceberg—the bare minimum you can specify about a LOB. Using DBMS_METADATA, we can get the entire picture: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select dbms_metadata.get_ddl( 'TABLE', 'T' ) 2 from dual; DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','T') ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE TABLE "OPS$TKYTE"."T" ( "ID" NUMBER(*,0), "TXT" CLOB, PRIMARY KEY ("ID") USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" ENABLE ) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOB ("TXT") STORE AS ( TABLESPACE "USERS" ENABLE STORAGE IN ROW CHUNK 8192 PCTVERSION 10 NOCACHE STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)) The LOB apparently has the following attributes: • A tablespace (USERS in this example) • ENABLE STORAGE IN ROW as a default attribute
542 CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES • CHUNK 8192 • PCTVERSION 10 • NOCACHE • A full storage clause This implies there is a lot going on in the background with LOBs, and in fact there is. A LOB column always results in what I call a multisegment object, meaning the table will use multiple physical segments. If we had created that table in an empty schema, we would discover the following: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select segment_name, segment_type 2 from user_segments; SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE ------------------------------ ------------------ SYS_C0011927 INDEX SYS_IL0000071432C00002$$ LOBINDEX SYS_LOB0000071432C00002$$ LOBSEGMENT T TABLE An index was created in support of the primary key constraint—that is normal—but what about the other two segments, the lobindex and the lobsegment? Those were created in support of our LOB column. The lobsegment is where our actual data will be stored (well, it might be stored in the table T also, but we’ll cover that in more detail when we get to the ENABLE ➥ STORAGE IN ROW clause). The lobindex is used to navigate our LOB, to find the pieces of it. When we create a LOB column, in general what is stored in the row is a pointer, or LOB locator. This LOB locator is what our application retrieves. When we ask for “bytes 1,000 through 2,000” of the LOB, the LOB locator is used against the lobindex to find where those bytes are stored, and then the lobsegment is accessed. The lobindex is used to find the pieces of the LOB easily. You can think of a LOB then as a master/detail sort of relation. A LOB is stored in “chunks” or pieces, and any piece is accessible to us. If we were to implement a LOB using just tables, for example, we might do so as follows: Create table parent ( id int primary key, other-data... ); Create table lob ( id references parent on delete cascade, chunk_number int, data (n), primary key (id,chunk_number) );
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 89 A Brief Revi
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 91 Redundant Ar
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338 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES
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CHAPTER 11 ■ ■ ■ Indexes Inde
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 423 value of
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