Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 513 ■Note If you are interested in the gory details of floating-point arithmetic and the subsequent loss of precision, see http://docs.sun.com/source/806-3568/ncg_goldberg.html. It should be noted that we can sort of have our cake and eat it too, here. Using the built-in CAST function, we can perform an on-the-fly conversion of the Oracle NUMBER type to a floatingpoint type, prior to performing the complex math on it. This results in a CPU usage that is much nearer to that of the native floating-point types: select sum(ln(cast( num_type as binary_double ) )) from t call count cpu elapsed ------- ------ -------- ---------- total 4 0.12 0.17 This implies that we may store our data very precisely, and when the need for raw speed arises, and the floating-point types significantly outperform the Oracle NUMBER type, we can use the CAST function to accomplish that goal. LONG Types LONG types come in two flavors in Oracle: • A LONG text type capable of storing 2GB of text. The text stored in the LONG type is subject to character set conversion, much like a VARCHAR2 or CHAR type. • A LONG RAW type capable of storing 2GB of raw binary data (data that is not subject to character set conversion). The LONG types date back to version 6 of Oracle, when they were limited to 64KB of data. In version 7, they were enhanced to support up to 2GB of storage, but by the time version 8 was released, they were superseded by the LOB types, which we will discuss shortly. Rather than explain how to use the LONG type, I will explain why you do not want to use the LONG (or LONG RAW) type in your applications. First and foremost, the Oracle documentation is very clear in its treatment of the LONG types. The Oracle SQL Reference manual states the following: Do not create tables with LONG columns. Use LOB columns (CLOB, NCLOB, BLOB) instead. LONG columns are supported only for backward compatibility. Restrictions on LONG and LONG RAW Types The LONG and LONG RAW types are subject to the restrictions outlined in Table 12-2. Even though it might be considered jumping ahead, I’ve added a column to say whether the corresponding LOB type, which is the replacement for the LONG/LONG RAW types, is subject to the same restriction.
514 CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES Table 12-2. LONG Types Compared to LOBs LONG/LONG RAW Type You may have only one LONG or LONG RAW column per table. User-defined types may not be defined with attributes of type LONG/LONG RAW. LONG types may not be referenced in the WHERE clause. LONG types may not be referenced in integrity constraints, with the exception of NOT NULL. LONG types do not support distributed transactions. LONG types cannot be replicated using basic or advanced replication. LONG columns cannot be in a GROUP BY, ORDER BY, or CONNECT BY, or in a query that uses DISTINCT, UNIQUE, INTERSECT, MINUS, or UNION. PL/SQL functions/procedures cannot accept an input of type LONG. SQL built-in functions cannot be used against LONG columns (e.g., SUBSTR). You cannot use a LONG type in a CREATE TABLE AS SELECT statement. You cannot use ALTER TABLE MOVE on a table containing LONG types. CLOB/BLOB Type You may have up to 1,000 columns of CLOB or BLOB type per table. User-defined types may fully use CLOB and BLOB types. LOBs may be referenced in the WHERE clause, and a host of functions is supplied in the DBMS_LOB package to manipulate them. LOB types may be referenced in integrity constraints. LOBs do support distributed transactions. LOBs fully support replication. LOBs may appear in these clauses provided a function is applied to the LOB that converts it into a scalar SQL type such as a VARCHAR2, NUMBER, or DATE. PL/SQL works fully with LOB types. SQL functions may be used against LOB types. LOBs support CREATE TABLE AS SELECT. You may move tables containing LOBs. As you can see, Table 12-2 presents quite a long list; there are many things you just cannot do when you have a LONG column in the table. For all new applications, do not even consider using the LONG type. Instead, use the appropriate LOB type. For existing applications, you should seriously consider converting the LONG type to the corresponding LOB type if you are hitting any of the restrictions in Table 12-2. Care has been taken to provide backward compatibility so that an application written for LONG types will work against the LOB type transparently. ■Note It almost goes without saying that you should perform a full functionality test against your application(s) before modifying your production system from LONG to LOB types.
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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■SETTING UP YOUR ENVIRONMENT xlii
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CHAPTER 1 ■ DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL
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CHAPTER 4 ■ MEMORY STRUCTURES 117
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284 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO cri
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338 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES
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CHAPTER 11 ■ ■ ■ Indexes Inde
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Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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