Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 493 (in this example, the set of 8-bit characters) into a smaller set (that of the 7-bit characters). This is a lossy conversion—the characters get modified because it is quite simply not possible to represent every character. But this conversion must take place. If the database is storing data in a single-byte character set but the client (say, a Java application, since the Java language uses Unicode) expects it in a multibyte representation, then it must be converted simply so the client application can work with it. You can see character set conversion very easily. For example, I have a database whose character set is set to WE8ISO8859P1, a typical Western European character set: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select * 2 from nls_database_parameters 3 where parameter = 'NLS_CHARACTERSET'; PARAMETER VALUE ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- NLS_CHARACTERSET WE8ISO8859P1 Now, if I ensure my NLS_LANG is set the same as my database character set (Windows users would change/verify this setting in their registry) as follows: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> host echo $NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1 then I can create a table and put in some “8-bit” data. This data that will not be usable by a 7-bit client that is expecting only 7-bit ASCII data: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> create table t ( data varchar2(1) ); Table created. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> insert into t values ( chr(224) ); 1 row created. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> insert into t values ( chr(225) ); 1 row created. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> insert into t values ( chr(226) ); 1 row created. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select data, dump(data) dump 2 from t; D DUMP - -------------------- à Typ=1 Len=1: 224 á Typ=1 Len=1: 225 â Typ=1 Len=1: 226 ops$tkyte@ORA10G> commit; Now, if I go to another window and specify “a 7-bit ASCII” client, I’ll see quite different results:
494 CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES [tkyte@desktop tkyte]$ export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.US7ASCII [tkyte@desktop tkyte]$ sqlplus / SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production on Mon May 30 15:58:46 2005 Copyright © 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select data, dump(data) dump 2 from t; D DUMP - -------------------- a Typ=1 Len=1: 224 a Typ=1 Len=1: 225 a Typ=1 Len=1: 226 Notice how in the 7-bit session I received the letter “a” three times, with no diacritical marks. However, the DUMP function is showing me that in the database there are in fact three separate distinct characters, not just the letter “a.” The data in the database hasn’t changed— just the values this client received. And in fact, if this client were to retrieve that data into host variables as follows: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> variable d varchar2(1) ops$tkyte@ORA10G> variable r varchar2(20) ops$tkyte@ORA10G> begin 2 select data, rowid into :d, :r from t where rownum = 1; 3 end; 4 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. and do nothing whatsoever with it, just send it back to the database: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> update t set data = :d where rowid = chartorowid(:r); 1 row updated. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> commit; Commit complete. then I would observe in the original 8-bit session that I have lost one of the original characters. It has been replaced with the lowly 7-bit a, not the fancy à I had previously: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select data, dump(data) dump 2 from t; D DUMP - -------------------- a Typ=1 Len=1: 97 á Typ=1 Len=1: 225 â Typ=1 Len=1: 226
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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CHAPTER 1 ■ DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 89 A Brief Revi
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CHAPTER 4 ■ MEMORY STRUCTURES 117
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CHAPTER 11 ■ ■ ■ Indexes Inde
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CHAPTER 13 ■ ■ ■ Partitioning
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