Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 431 The data in the index is not sorted by X before it is stored, but rather by REVERSE(X), hence the range scan for X > 5 will not be able to use the index. On the other hand, some range scans can be done on a reverse key index. If I have a concatenated index on (X, Y), the following predicate will be able to make use of the reverse key index and will “range scan” it: where x = 5 This is because the bytes for X are reversed, and then the bytes for Y are reversed. Oracle does not reverse the bytes of (X || Y), but rather stores (REVERSE(X) || REVERSE(Y)). This means all of the values for X=5will be stored together, so Oracle can range scan that index to find them all. Now, assuming you have a surrogate primary key on a table populated via a sequence, and you do not need to use range scanning on this index—that is, you don’t need to query for MAX(primary_key), MIN(primary_key), WHERE primary_key < 100, and so on—then you could consider a reverse key index in high insert scenarios even in a single instance of Oracle. I set up two different tests, one in a pure PL/SQL environment and one using Pro*C to demonstrate the differences between inserting into a table with a reverse key index on the primary key and one with a conventional index. In both cases, the table used was created with the following DDL (we will avoid contention on table blocks by using ASSM so we can isolate the contention on the index blocks): create table t tablespace assm as select 0 id, a.* from all_objects a where 1=0; alter table t add constraint t_pk primary key (id) using index (create index t_pk on t(id) &indexType tablespace assm); create sequence s cache 1000; whereby &indexType was replaced with either the keyword REVERSE, creating a reverse key index, or with nothing, thus using a “regular” index. The PL/SQL that would be run by 1, 2, 5, 10, or 15 users concurrently was create or replace procedure do_sql as begin for x in ( select rownum r, all_objects.* from all_objects ) loop insert into t ( id, OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, SUBOBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_ID, DATA_OBJECT_ID, OBJECT_TYPE, CREATED, LAST_DDL_TIME, TIMESTAMP, STATUS, TEMPORARY, GENERATED, SECONDARY ) values
432 CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES ( s.nextval, x.OWNER, x.OBJECT_NAME, x.SUBOBJECT_NAME, x.OBJECT_ID, x.DATA_OBJECT_ID, x.OBJECT_TYPE, x.CREATED, x.LAST_DDL_TIME, x.TIMESTAMP, x.STATUS, x.TEMPORARY, x.GENERATED, x.SECONDARY ); if ( mod(x.r,100) = 0 ) then commit; end if; end loop; commit; end; / Now, since we discussed the PL/SQL commit time optimization in Chapter 9, I wanted to run a test that was using a different environment as well, so as to not be misled by this commit time optimization. I used Pro*C to emulate a data warehouse extract, transform, load (ETL) routine that processed rows in batches of 100 at a time between commits: exec sql declare c cursor for select * from all_objects; exec sql open c; exec sql whenever notfound do break; for(;;) { exec sql fetch c into :owner:owner_i, :object_name:object_name_i, :subobject_name:subobject_name_i, :object_id:object_id_i, :data_object_id:data_object_id_i, :object_type:object_type_i, :created:created_i, :last_ddl_time:last_ddl_time_i, :timestamp:timestamp_i, :status:status_i, :temporary:temporary_i, :generated:generated_i, :secondary:secondary_i; exec sql insert into t ( id, OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, SUBOBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_ID, DATA_OBJECT_ID, OBJECT_TYPE, CREATED, LAST_DDL_TIME, TIMESTAMP, STATUS, TEMPORARY, GENERATED, SECONDARY ) values ( s.nextval, :owner:owner_i, :object_name:object_name_i, :subobject_name:subobject_name_i, :object_id:object_id_i, :data_object_id:data_object_id_i, :object_type:object_type_i, :created:created_i, :last_ddl_time:last_ddl_time_i, :timestamp:timestamp_i, :status:status_i, :temporary:temporary_i, :generated:generated_i, :secondary:secondary_i );
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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■SETTING UP YOUR ENVIRONMENT xxvi
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■SETTING UP YOUR ENVIRONMENT xlii
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CHAPTER 1 ■ ■ ■ Developing Su
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CHAPTER 1 ■ DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 71 all operatio
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 87 6 ( 7 TYPE O
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 89 A Brief Revi
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 91 Redundant Ar
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 93 (data from m
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 95 dictionary t
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CHAPTER 4 ■ ■ ■ Memory Struct
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CHAPTER 4 ■ MEMORY STRUCTURES 117
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CHAPTER 5 ■ ■ ■ Oracle Proces
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CHAPTER 5 ■ ORACLE PROCESSES 157
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CHAPTER 6 ■ ■ ■ Locking and L
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CHAPTER 6 ■ LOCKING AND LATCHING
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CHAPTER 8 ■ ■ ■ Transactions
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284 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO cri
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286 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO Fir
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292 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO Wha
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294 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO row
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296 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO If
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298 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO ops
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300 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO Inv
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302 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO The
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306 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO ins
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308 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO So,
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314 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO •
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318 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO •
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320 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO bac
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322 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO As
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326 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO wil
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328 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO Thi
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332 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO Whe
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336 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO tou
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338 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES
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CHAPTER 13 ■ ■ ■ Partitioning
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 561 els
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 565 Enh
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Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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