Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES 365 To test that theory, we’ll rebuild the IOT with COMPRESS 1 first: ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> alter table iot move compress 1; Table altered. ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> analyze index iot_pk validate structure; Index analyzed. ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> select lf_blks, br_blks, used_space, 2 opt_cmpr_count, opt_cmpr_pctsave 3 from index_stats; LF_BLKS BR_BLKS USED_SPACE OPT_CMPR_COUNT OPT_CMPR_PCTSAVE ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ---------------- 247 1 1772767 2 23 As you can see, the index is in fact smaller: about 1.7MB, with fewer leaf blocks and many fewer branch blocks. But now it is saying, “You still can get another 23 percent off,” as we didn’t chop off that much yet. Let’s rebuild with COMPRESS 2: ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> alter table iot move compress 2; Table altered. ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> analyze index iot_pk validate structure; Index analyzed. ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> select lf_blks, br_blks, used_space, 2 opt_cmpr_count, opt_cmpr_pctsave 3 from index_stats; LF_BLKS BR_BLKS USED_SPACE OPT_CMPR_COUNT OPT_CMPR_PCTSAVE ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ---------------- 190 1 1359357 2 0 Now we are significantly reduced in size, both by the number of leaf blocks as well as overall used space, about 1.3MB. If we go back to the original numbers, ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> select (2/3) * 2037497 from dual; (2/3)*2037497 ------------- 1358331.33 then we can see the OPT_CMPR_PCTSAVE was dead-on accurate. The preceding example points out an interesting fact with IOTs. They are tables, but only in name. Their segment is truly an index segment.
366 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES I am going to defer discussion of the PCTTHRESHOLD option at this point, as it is related to the next two options for IOTs: OVERFLOW and INCLUDING. If we look at the full SQL for the next two sets of tables, T2 and T3, we see the following (I’ve used a DBMS_METADATA routine to suppress the storage clauses, as they are not relevant to the example): ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> begin 2 dbms_metadata.set_transform_param 3 ( DBMS_METADATA.SESSION_TRANSFORM, 'STORAGE', false ); 4 end; / ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> select dbms_metadata.get_ddl( 'TABLE', 'T2' ) from dual; DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','T2') -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE TABLE "OPS$TKYTE"."T2" ( "X" NUMBER(*,0), "Y" VARCHAR2(25), "Z" DATE, PRIMARY KEY ("X") ENABLE ) ORGANIZATION INDEX NOCOMPRESS PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 LOGGING TABLESPACE "USERS" PCTTHRESHOLD 50 OVERFLOW PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 LOGGING TABLESPACE "USERS" ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> select dbms_metadata.get_ddl( 'TABLE', 'T3' ) from dual; DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','T3') -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE TABLE "OPS$TKYTE"."T3" ( "X" NUMBER(*,0), "Y" VARCHAR2(25), "Z" DATE, PRIMARY KEY ("X") ENABLE ) ORGANIZATION INDEX NOCOMPRESS PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 LOGGING TABLESPACE "USERS" PCTTHRESHOLD 50 INCLUDING "Y" OVERFLOW PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 LOGGING TABLESPACE "USERS" So, now we have PCTTHRESHOLD, OVERFLOW, and INCLUDING left to discuss. These three items are intertwined, and their goal is to make the index leaf blocks (the blocks that hold the actual index data) able to efficiently store data. An index typically is on a subset of columns. You will generally find many more times the number of row entries on an index block than you would on a heap table block. An index counts on being able to get many rows per block. Oracle would spend large amounts of time maintaining an index otherwise, as each INSERT or UPDATE would probably cause an index block to split in order to accommodate the new data.
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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CHAPTER 1 ■ DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL
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CHAPTER 4 ■ MEMORY STRUCTURES 117
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416 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES
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418 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES
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CHAPTER 11 ■ ■ ■ Indexes Inde
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 423 value of
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 431 The data
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 445 Indicate
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CHAPTER 13 ■ ■ ■ Partitioning
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 561 els
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 565 Enh
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