Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 8 ■ TRANSACTIONS 259 So, one row was successfully inserted into T and we duly received the message, I fired and updated 1 rows. The next INSERT statement violates the integrity constraint we have on T. The DBMS_OUTPUT message appeared—the trigger on T in fact did fire and we have evidence of that. It performed its updates of T2 successfully. We would maybe expect T2 to have a value of 2 now, but we see it has a value of 1. Oracle made the original INSERT atomic—the original INSERT INTO T is the statement, and any side effects of that original INSERT INTO T are considered part of that statement. Oracle achieves this statement-level atomicity by silently wrapping a SAVEPOINT around each of our calls to the database. The preceding two INSERTs were really treated like this: Savepoint statement1; Insert into t values ( 1 ); If error then rollback to statement1; Savepoint statement2; Insert into t values ( -1 ); If error then rollback to statement2; For programmers used to Sybase or SQL Server, this may be confusing at first. In those databases exactly the opposite is true. The triggers in those systems execute independently of the firing statement. If they encounter an error, the triggers must explicitly roll back their own work and then raise another error to roll back the triggering statement. Otherwise, the work done by a trigger could persist even if the triggering statement, or some other part of the statement, ultimately fails. In Oracle, this statement-level atomicity extends as deep as it needs to. If in the preceding example, the INSERT INTO T fires a trigger that updates another table, and that table has a trigger that deletes from another table (and so on, and so on), either all of the work succeeds or none of it does. You do not need to code anything special to ensure this—it is just the way it works. Procedure-Level Atomicity It is interesting to note that Oracle considers PL/SQL anonymous blocks to be statements as well. Consider the following stored procedure: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> create or replace procedure p 2 as 3 begin 4 insert into t values ( 1 ); 5 insert into t values (-1 ); 6 end; 7 / Procedure created. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select * from t; no rows selected ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select * from t2;
260 CHAPTER 8 ■ TRANSACTIONS CNT ---------- 0 So, we have a procedure we know will fail. The second INSERT will always fail in this case. Let’s see what happens if we run that stored procedure: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> begin 2 p; 3 end; 4 / I fired and updated 1 rows I fired and updated 1 rows begin * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02290: check constraint (OPS$TKYTE.SYS_C009598) violated ORA-06512: at "OPS$TKYTE.P", line 5 ORA-06512: at line 2 ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select * from t; no rows selected ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select * from t2; CNT ---------- 0 As you can see, Oracle treated the stored procedure call as an atomic statement. The client submitted a block of code, BEGIN P; END;, and Oracle wrapped a SAVEPOINT around it. Since P failed, Oracle restored the database back to the point right before it was called. Now, if we submit a slightly different block, we will get entirely different results: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> begin 2 p; 3 exception 4 when others then null; 5 end; 6 / I fired and updated 1 rows I fired and updated 1 rows PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select * from t;
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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CHAPTER 1 ■ DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL
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CHAPTER 4 ■ MEMORY STRUCTURES 117
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CHAPTER 13 ■ ■ ■ Partitioning
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