Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 5 ■ ORACLE PROCESSES 161 USERNAME SID SERIAL# SERVER PADDR STATUS --------- ---- -------- --------- -------- -------- OPS$TKYTE 151 1511 DEDICATED AE4CF614 INACTIVE OPS$TKYTE 153 3196 DEDICATED AE4CF614 ACTIVE Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 0 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 756 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 508 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 2 rows processed ops$tkyte@ORA10G> set autotrace off In doing so, we now have two sessions, but both are using the same single dedicated server process, as evidenced by them both having the same PADDR value. We can confirm in the operating system that no new processes were created and that we are using a single process— a single connection—for both sessions. Note that one of the sessions (the original session) is ACTIVE. That makes sense: it is running the query to show this information, so of course it is active. But that INACTIVE session—what is that one for? That is the AUTOTRACE session. Its job is to “watch” our real session and report on what it does. When we enable AUTOTRACE in SQL*Plus, SQL*Plus will perform the following actions when we execute DML operations (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT, and MERGE): 1. It will create a new session using the current connection, if the secondary session does not already exist. 2. It will ask this new session to query the V$SESSTAT view to remember the initial statistics values for the session in which we will run the DML. This is very similar to the function the watch_stat.sql script performed for us in Chapter 4. 3. It will run the DML operation in the original session. 4. Upon completion of that DML statement, SQL*Plus will request the other session to query V$SESSTAT again and produce the report displayed previously showing the difference in the statistics for the session that executed the DML. If you turn off AUTOTRACE, SQL*Plus will terminate this additional session and you will no longer see it in V$SESSION. A question you might ask is, “Why does SQL*Plus do this trick?” The answer is fairly straightforward. SQL*Plus does it for the same reason that we used a second SQL*Plus session in Chapter 4 to monitor memory and temporary space usage: if we had used a single session to monitor memory usage, we would have been using memory to do the monitoring. By observing the statistics in a single session, we would change those
162 CHAPTER 5 ■ ORACLE PROCESSES statistics. If SQL*Plus used a single session to report on the number of I/Os performed, how many bytes were transferred over the network, and how many sorts happened, then the queries used to find these details would be adding to the statistics themselves. They could be sorting, performing I/O, transferring data over the network (one would assume they would!), and so on. Hence, we need to use another session to measure correctly. So far, we’ve seen a connection with one or two sessions. Now we’d like to use SQL*Plus to see a connection with no session. That one is pretty easy. In the same SQL*Plus window used in the previous example, simply type the “misleading” command, DISCONNECT: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> disconnect Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.3.0 – Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options ops$tkyte@ORA10G> Technically, that command should be called DESTROY_ALL_SESSIONS instead of DISCONNECT, since we haven’t really disconnected physically. ■Note The true disconnect in SQL*Plus is “exit,” as you would have to exit to completely destroy the connection. We have, however, closed all of our sessions. If we open another session using some other user account and query (replacing OPS$TKYTE with your account name, of course), sys@ORA10G> select * from v$session where username = 'OPS$TKYTE'; no rows selected we can see that we have no sessions—but we still have a process, a physical connection (using the previous ADDR value): sys@ORA10G> select username, program 2 from v$process 3 where addr = hextoraw('AE4CF614'); USERNAME PROGRAM --------------- ------------------------------------------------ tkyte oracle@localhost.localdomain (TNS V1-V3) So, here we have a “connection” with no sessions associated with it. We can use the also misnamed SQL*Plus CONNECT command to create a new session in this existing process (the CONNECT command might be better named CREATE_SESSION): ops$tkyte@ORA10G> connect / Connected. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select username, sid, serial#, server, paddr, status 2 from v$session
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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■SETTING UP YOUR ENVIRONMENT xlii
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CHAPTER 1 ■ ■ ■ Developing Su
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CHAPTER 1 ■ DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 69 and even dat
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 71 all operatio
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 89 A Brief Revi
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 91 Redundant Ar
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 93 (data from m
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 95 dictionary t
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 109 of the requ
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CHAPTER 8 ■ ■ ■ Transactions
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284 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO cri
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294 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO row
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338 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES
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CHAPTER 11 ■ ■ ■ Indexes Inde
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 423 value of
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 431 The data
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 445 Indicate
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 447 an index
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 449 Table 11
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CHAPTER 13 ■ ■ ■ Partitioning
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