Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 5 ■ ORACLE PROCESSES 157 Figure 5-1. Typical dedicated server connection Your client application will have Oracle libraries linked into it. These libraries provide the APIs you need in order to talk to the database. These APIs know how to submit a query to the database and process the cursor that is returned. They know how to bundle your requests into network calls that the dedicated server will know how to unbundle. This piece of software is called Oracle Net, although in prior releases you might have known it as SQL*Net or Net8. This is the networking software/protocol that Oracle employs to allow for client/server processing (even in an n-tier architecture, there is a client/server program lurking). Oracle employs this same architecture even if Oracle Net is not technically involved in the picture. That is, even when the client and server are on the same machine this two-process (also known as twotask) architecture is still employed. This architecture provides two benefits: • Remote execution: It is very natural for the client application to be executing on a machine other than the database itself. • Address space isolation: The server process has read-write access to the SGA. An errant pointer in a client process could easily corrupt data structures in the SGA if the client process and server process were physically linked together. In Chapter 2, we saw how these dedicated servers are “spawned” or created by the Oracle listener process. We won’t cover that process again; rather, we’ll quickly look at what happens when the listener isn’t involved. The mechanism is much the same as it was with the listener, but instead of the listener creating the dedicated server via a fork()/exec() in UNIX or an interprocess communication (IPC) call in Windows, the client process itself creates it.
158 CHAPTER 5 ■ ORACLE PROCESSES ■Note There are many variants of the fork() and exec() calls, such as vfork(), execve(), and so on. The call used by Oracle may vary by operating system and implementation, but the net effect is the same. fork() creates a new process that is a clone of the parent process, and on UNIX this is the only way to create a new process. exec() loads a new program image over the existing program image in memory, thus starting a new program. So, SQL*Plus can “fork” (copy itself) and then “exec” the Oracle binary, overlaying the copy of itself with this new program. We can see this parent/child process creation clearly on UNIX when we run the client and server on the same machine: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select a.spid dedicated_server, 2 b.process clientpid 3 from v$process a, v$session b 4 where a.addr = b.paddr 5 and b.sid = (select sid from v$mystat where rownum=1) 6 / DEDICATED_SE CLIENTPID ------------ ------------ 5114 5112 ops$tkyte@ORA10G> !/bin/ps -p 5114 5112 PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND 5112 pts/1 R 0:00 sqlplus 5114 ? S 0:00 oracleora10g (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)..(PROTOCOL=beq))) Here, I used a query to discover the process ID (PID) associated with my dedicated server (the SPID from V$PROCESS is the operating system PID of the process that was being used during the execution of that query). Shared Server Connections Let’s now take a look at the shared server process in more detail. This type of connection mandates the use of Oracle Net even if the client and server are on the same machine—you cannot use shared server without using the Oracle TNS listener. As described earlier, the client application will connect to the Oracle TNS listener and will be redirected or handed off to a dispatcher. The dispatcher acts as the conduit between the client application and the shared server process. Figure 5-2 is a diagram of the architecture of a shared server connection to the database.
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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