Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 4 ■ MEMORY STRUCTURES 119 on (sess_stats.name = curr_stats.name) when matched then update set diff = curr_stats.value - sess_stats.value, value = curr_stats.value when not matched then insert ( name, value, diff ) values ( curr_stats.name, curr_stats.value, null ) / select * from sess_stats order by name; I emphasized the phrase “for this case study” because of the lines in bold—the names of the statistics we’re interested in looking at change from example to example. In this particular case, we’re interested in anything with ga in it (pga and uga), or anything with direct temp, which in Oracle 10g will show us the direct reads and writes against temporary space (how much I/O we did reading and writing to temp). ■Note In Oracle9i, direct I/O to temporary space was not labeled as such. We would use a WHERE clause that included and (a.name like '%ga %'or a.name like '%physical % direct%') in it. When this watch_stat.sql script is run from the SQL*Plus command line, we’ll see a listing of the PGA and UGA memory statistics for the session, as well as temporary I/O. Before we do anything in session 151, the session using manual PGA memory management, let’s use this script to find out how much memory that session is currently using and how many temporary I/Os we have performed: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> @watch_stat 6 rows merged. NAME VALUE DIFF ------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- physical reads direct temporary tablespace 0 physical writes direct temporary tablespace 0 session pga memory 498252 session pga memory max 498252 session uga memory 152176 session uga memory max 152176 So, before we begin we can see that we have about 149KB (152,176/1,024) of data in the UGA and 487KB of data in the PGA. The first question is “How much memory are we using between the PGA and UGA?” That is, are we using 149KB + 487KB of memory, or are we using
120 CHAPTER 4 ■ MEMORY STRUCTURES some other amount? This is a trick question, and one that you cannot answer unless you know whether the monitored session with SID 151 was connected to the database via a dedicated server or a shared server—and even then it might be hard to figure out. In dedicated server mode, the UGA is totally contained within the PGA, in which case we would be consuming 487KB of memory in our process or thread. In shared server, the UGA is allocated from the SGA, and the PGA is in the shared server. So, in shared server mode, by the time we get the last row from the preceding query, the shared server process may be in use by someone else. That PGA isn’t “ours” anymore, so technically we are using 149KB of memory (except when we are actually running the query, at which point we are using 487KB of memory between the combined PGA and UGA). So, let’s now run the first big query in session 151, which is using manual PGA memory management in dedicated server mode. Note that we are using the same script from earlier, so the SQL text matches exactly, thus avoiding the hard parse: ■Note Since we haven’t set a SORT_AREA_RETAINED_SIZE, its reported value will be zero, but its used value will match SORT_AREA_SIZE. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> alter session set sort_area_size = 65536; Session altered. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> set termout off; query was executed here ops$tkyte@ORA10G> set termout on; Now if we run our script again in the second session, we’ll see something like this. Notice this time that the session xxx memory and session xxx memory max values do not match. The session xxx memory max value represents how much memory we are using right now. The session xxx memory max value represents the peak value we used at some time during our session while processing the query. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> @watch_stat 6 rows merged. NAME VALUE DIFF ------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- physical reads direct temporary tablespace 2906 2906 physical writes direct temporary tablespace 2906 2906 session pga memory 498252 0 session pga memory max 563788 65536 session uga memory 152176 0 session uga memory max 217640 65464 6 rows selected. As you can see, our memory usage went up—we’ve done some sorting of data. Our UGA temporarily increased from 149KB to 213KB (64KB) during the processing of our query, and
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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CHAPTER 1 ■ ■ ■ Developing Su
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CHAPTER 1 ■ DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL
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CHAPTER 6 ■ ■ ■ Locking and L
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CHAPTER 6 ■ LOCKING AND LATCHING
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284 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO cri
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294 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO row
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336 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO tou
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338 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES
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CHAPTER 11 ■ ■ ■ Indexes Inde
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 423 value of
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 445 Indicate
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CHAPTER 13 ■ ■ ■ Partitioning
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