Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 79 • Resource Manager (DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER): This feature allows you to micromanage resources (CPU, I/O, and the like) within the database. What makes a Resource Manager in the database a possibility is the fact that it has access to all of the runtime statistics describing how the resources are being used. • Oracle “events”: These provide the ability for you to ask Oracle to produce trace or diagnostic information as needed. • DBMS_TRACE: This facility within the PL/SQL engine exhaustively records the call tree of stored procedures, exceptions raised, and errors encountered. • Database event triggers: These triggers, such as ON SERVERERROR, allow you to monitor and log any condition you feel is “exceptional” or out of the ordinary. For example, you can log the SQL that was running when an “out of temp space” error was raised. • SQL_TRACE: The SQL Trace facility is also available in an extended fashion via the 10046 Oracle event. . . . among others. Instrumentation is vital in application design and development, and the Oracle database becomes better instrumented with each release. In fact, the amount of additional instrumentation in the database between Oracle9i Release 2 and Oracle 10g Release 1 itself is phenomenal. Oracle 10g took code instrumentation in the kernel to a whole new level. In this section we’re going to focus on the information that can be found in various types of trace files. We’ll cover what they are, where they are stored, and what we can do with them. There are generally two types of trace file, and what we do with each kind is very different: • Trace files you expected and want: For example, these are the result of enabling SQL_TRACE=TRUE. They contain diagnostic information about your session and will help you tune your application to optimize its performance and diagnose what bottlenecks it is experiencing. • Trace files you were not expecting to receive but the server generated as the result of an ORA-00600 “Internal Error”, ORA-03113 “End of file on communication channel”, or ORA-07445 “Exception Encountered” error: These traces contain diagnostic information that is most useful to an Oracle Support analyst and, beyond showing us where in our application the internal error was raised, are of limited use to us. Requested Trace Files The trace files you expect to be most commonly generated as the result of setting SQL_TRACE=TRUE, or using the extended trace facility via the 10046 event, are as follows: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> alter session set events 2 '10046 trace name context forever, level 12'; Session altered.
80 CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES File Locations Whether you use SQL_TRACE or the extended trace facility, Oracle will start generating a trace file on the database server machine in one of two locations: • If you are using a dedicated server connection, the trace file will be generated in the directory specified by the USER_DUMP_DEST parameter. • If you are using a shared server connection, the trace file will be generated in the directory specified by the BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST parameter. To see where the trace files will go, you may either issue SHOW PARAMETER DUMP_DEST from SQL*Plus or query the V$PARAMETER view directly: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select name, value 2 from v$parameter 3 where name like '%dump_dest%' 4 / NAME VALUE ------------------------------ ------------------------------- background_dump_dest /home/ora10g/admin/ora10g/bdump user_dump_dest /home/ora10g/admin/ora10g/udump core_dump_dest /home/ora10g/admin/ora10g/cdump This shows the three dump (trace) destinations. Background dump destination is used by any “server” process (see Chapter 5 for a comprehensive list of Oracle background processes and their functions). If you are using a shared server connection to Oracle, you are using a background process; hence the location of your trace files is defined by BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST. If you are using a dedicated server connection, you are using a user or foreground process to interact with Oracle; hence your trace files will go in the directory specified by the USER_DUMP_DEST parameter. The CORE_DUMP_DEST parameter defines where a “core” file would be generated in the event of a serious Oracle internal error (such as a segmentation fault on UNIX) or if Oracle Support were to have to you generate one for additional debug information. In general, the two destinations of interest are the background and user dump destinations. As a note, unless otherwise stated, we will be using dedicated server connections in the course of this book. In the event you do not have access to the V$PARAMETER view, you may use DBMS_UTILITY to access the values of most (but not all) parameters. The following example demonstrates that all you need is the CREATE SESSION privilege in order to, at the very least, see this information: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> create user least_privs identified by least_privs; User created. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> grant create session to least_privs; Grant succeeded. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> connect least_privs/least_privs Connected. least_privs@ORA10G> declare
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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284 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO cri
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336 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO tou
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338 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES
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CHAPTER 11 ■ ■ ■ Indexes Inde
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 427 We then
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 431 The data
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 445 Indicate
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 447 an index
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CHAPTER 13 ■ ■ ■ Partitioning
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 561 els
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 563 BIG
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Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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