Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 73 *.cluster_database_instances=2 *.cluster_database=TRUE *.cluster_interconnects='10.10.10.0' *.compatible='10.1.0.2.0' *.control_files='/ocfs/O10G/control01.ctl','/ocfs/O10G/control02.ctl' *.db_name='O10G' ... *.processes=150 *.undo_management='AUTO' O10G1.instance_number=1 O10G2.instance_number=2 O10G1.local_listener='LISTENER_O10G1' O10G2.local_listener='LISTENER_O10G2' O10G1.remote_listener='LISTENER_O10G2' O10G2.remote_listener='LISTENER_O10G1' O10G1.thread=1 O10G2.thread=2 O10G1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' O10G2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2' That is, parameter settings that are common to all instances in the cluster would start with *.. Parameter settings that are specific to a single instance, such as the INSTANCE_NUMBER and the THREAD of redo to be used, are prefixed with the instance name (the Oracle SID). In the preceding example, • The PFILE would be for a two-node cluster with instances named O10G1 and O10G2. • The *.db_name = 'O10G' assignment indicates that all instances using this SPFILE will be mounting a database named O10G. • O10G1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' indicates that the instance named O10G1 will use that specific undo tablespace, and so on. Setting Values in SPFILEs Once our database is up and running on the SPFILE, the next question relates to how we set and change values contained therein. Remember, SPFILEs are binary files and we cannot just edit them using a text editor. The answer is to use the ALTER SYSTEM command, which has the following syntax (portions in are optional, and the presence of the pipe symbol indicates “one of the list”): Alter system set parameter=value
74 CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES The ALTER SYSTEM SET command, by default, will update the currently running instance and make the change to the SPFILE for you, greatly easing administration and removing the problems that arose when parameter settings were made via the ALTER SYSTEM command, but you forgot to update or missed an init.ora parameter file. With that in mind, let’s take a look at each element of the command: • The parameter=value assignment supplies the parameter name and the new value for the parameter. For example, pga_aggregate_target = 1024m would set the PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET parameter to a value of 1,024MB (1GB). • comment='text' is an optional comment we may associate with this setting of the parameter. The comment will appear in the UPDATE_COMMENT field of the V$PARAMETER view. If we use the options to also save the change to the SPFILE, the comment will be written into the SPFILE and preserved across server restarts as well, so future restarts of the database will see the comment. • deferred specifies whether the system change takes place for subsequent sessions only (not currently established sessions, including the one making the change). By default, the ALTER SYSTEM command will take effect immediately, but some parameters cannot be changed “immediately”—they can be changed only for newly established sessions. We can use the following query to see what parameters mandate the use of deferred: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select name 2 from v$parameter 3 where ISSYS_MODIFIABLE = 'DEFERRED'; NAME ------------------------------ backup_tape_io_slaves audit_file_dest object_cache_optimal_size object_cache_max_size_percent sort_area_size sort_area_retained_size olap_page_pool_size 7 rows selected. The code shows that SORT_AREA_SIZE is modifiable at the system level, but only in a deferred manner. The following code shows what happens if we try to modify its value with and without the deferred option: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> alter system set sort_area_size = 65536; alter system set sort_area_size = 65536 * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02096: specified initialization parameter is not modifiable with this option
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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CHAPTER 1 ■ ■ ■ Developing Su
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CHAPTER 1 ■ DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL
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CHAPTER 5 ■ ORACLE PROCESSES 157
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CHAPTER 6 ■ LOCKING AND LATCHING
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284 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO cri
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288 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO The
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292 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO Wha
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294 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO row
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296 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO If
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298 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO ops
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318 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO •
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320 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO bac
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328 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO Thi
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332 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO Whe
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334 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO Tha
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336 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO tou
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338 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES
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CHAPTER 11 ■ ■ ■ Indexes Inde
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 423 value of
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 431 The data
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 435 Table 11
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 445 Indicate
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CHAPTER 13 ■ ■ ■ Partitioning
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 561 els
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 563 BIG
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 565 Enh
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Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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