kvalitet

18 Jelena Latinović, Zora Vučinić
ECOLOGICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES
AND CONTROL POSSIBILITIES OF COLLETOTRICHUM
GLOEOSPORIOIDES (PENZ.) PENZ. ET SACC. CAUSAL
AGENT OF OLIVE ANTHRACNOSE
JELENA LATINOVIĆ, ZORA VUČINIĆ
University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Institute, Podgorica
Summary
Olive anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz.
& Sacc., has been established in Montenegro several years ago. The results of ecological
and epidemiological examinations are presented and control possibilities
of the disease were discussed in this paper.
Optimal temperature for growth of the fungus isolates is 25 ºC, while there is
no fungal growth at 3° and 34 ºC. The growth of the isolates was the most intensive
on constant darkness, but the sporulation of the fungus was the most abundant
in conditions of UV light.
Mummified infected olive fruits, which are left to hang on branches, as well
as infected fruits dropped on the soil surface, represent the permanent source of
inoculum. Infected fruits dug into soil on depth of 10-15 cm cannot serve as inoculum
for realization of infections in the following year. Contaminated soil cannot
be the source of inoculum in the next year, because the parasite is not sustainable
in the form of mycelium throughout 12 months.
Since the olive fruits are in stage of maturity in October and November in
overall conditions in Montenegro, these two months could be considered as critical
period for appearance and spreading of the disease, if the climatic factors, primarily
rainfall and temperature are convenient for realization of infection, which
was the case during 1997, 1998 and 1999.
Considering these results, in control of the disease the agrotechnical measures
are very valuable, primarily plowing into the soil or destroying of infected
plant material, as well as adequate pruning.
Key words: olive, anthracnose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Montenegro,
ecology and epidemiology
Plant Protection: Vol. 55 (1-4), No 247-250, 5-18, 2004, Belgrade
(Received: 15.02.2006.)
(Accepted: 08.08.2007)