BULETINUL INSTITUTULUI POLITEHNIC DIN IAŞI

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60 Marius Catană and Daniela Tarniţă accurately predicts the response and movements of the articulation as it is resembled by experimental methods. The software packages take anatomical data from CT and MRI scans and create computer models of anatomical structures. A user can modify the image by defining various tissue densities for display (Radu, 2006). Virtual modeling of human knee joint have been addressed in several articles on (Bae et al., 2012), (Fening, 2005), (Bahraminasaba et al., 2011), (Sandholm et al., 2011), (Kazemi et al., 2011), (Kubicek & Zdenek, 2009). In his articles (Vidal-Lesso et al., 2011) have been considered the components tibia, femur, cartilage, notwithstanding the menisci and ligaments, while in the articles (Kubicek & Li, 2009), (Fenning, 2005), was performed complex modeling, taking into account the ligaments and menisci; (Sandholm et al., 2011) take in consideration muscles that were simulated as rigid links. In his work (Harryson et al., 2007) were also taken into account fibula, patella, and patellar tendon. These geometric patterns were created from images taken by MRI and CT, dual fluoroscopic images, or using automatic creation programs (Mimics) for the geometrical model (Bingham et al., 2008). Virtual models were analyzed with FEM, after performing a finite element model with tetrahedral type (Vidal et al., 2008), hexaedral, or using automatic meshing methods. The articles have used an algorithm for meshing with hexahedrons and bricks in order to analyze with a much better approximation for the tibiofemoral contact area (Fening, 2005), (Kazemi, 2011), (Kubicek & Zdenek, 2009). There have been various investigations that present different analyzes in the human knee. Analyzes were performed the femur, tibia, meniscus, cartilage and ligaments, (Bingham's it., 2008), (Kubicek & Zdenek, 2009).Very few data are available for other material properties like transverse and shear moduli (Weiss & Gardiner, 2001). 2. Method Components taken into account for this analysis are: the femur, distal head of the femur (thigh bone cartilage), the two menisci: lateral and medial, tibia cartilage, tibia, peroneus and fibula (Fig. 1). These components were placed in a global system XYZ. This is necessary for proper placement locations of the tasks that apply degrees of freedom for the entire assemble. Nonlinear structural analysis is static; non-linearity is evident by the appearance of nonlinear contacts in the cartilage and meniscus. Changes and proper positioning of the components was done using the package ANSYS Workbench 14.0, CAE software allows rapid modelling of a proper record and control of geometric problems arising in the contact zone. Position requires a real placement of components, a proper distance between them and correct geometric structure.
Bul. Inst. Polit. Iaşi, t. LVIII (LXII), f. 3, 2012 61 3. Results Control conditions of the analysis are: i) the analysis was run in a time of 1 s; ii) is now nonlinear and large number of nodes and elements is necessary to implement a system subsets analysis: subset 10, the initial step: 5 step up: 100. iii) type iterative solver is: PCG level 2. Fig. 1 – Virtual 3D Model of the complex human knee joint (left) and tibia, meniscus and cartilage of the proximal head of the tibia in the right image. Fig. 2 – Force applied and the degrees of freedom assigned geometrical model for analysis. Boundary conditions for this analysis are: i) the red is observed positioning of the femoral bone in the centre of the sphere, the area where force is applied evenly distribute of 800N, direction-Z; ii) the yellow picture above to see a drop in the same location, but in that area is allowed by the Y-axis rotation system, the remaining displacement after X, Y, respectively rotations x, z are 0; iii) in the picture below it can be seen through the media type: Remote Displacement, support which allows movement of the ankle by letting free the rotation direction Y. Mesh nodes and elements in the geometric model was made with bolttype items such as solid type tetrahedral Solid186 and Solid187, both with the middle nodes; that are required for a better approximation of the results and their accuracy.
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