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iv • smithsonian contributions to museum conservation<br />
Solvent Leaching Effects on Aged Oil Paints 45<br />
Ken Su<strong>the</strong>rland<br />
Oil Paints: The Chemistry <strong>of</strong> Drying Oils and <strong>the</strong> Potential<br />
for Solvent Disruption 51<br />
Charles S. Tumosa and Marion F. Mecklenburg<br />
The Influence <strong>of</strong> Pigments and Ion Migration on <strong>the</strong> Durability <strong>of</strong> Drying<br />
Oil and Alkyd Paints 59<br />
Marion F. Mecklenburg, Charles S. Tumosa, and Edward P. Vicenzi<br />
Effects <strong>of</strong> Organic Solvents on Artists’ Oil Paint Films: Swelling 69<br />
Alan Phenix<br />
An Evaluation <strong>of</strong> Color Change in Nineteenth-Century Grounds<br />
on Canvas upon Varnishing and Varnish Removal 77<br />
Meredith Watson and Aviva Burnstock<br />
Extended Abstract—Oxalate-Rich Surface Layers on <strong>Paintings</strong>:<br />
Implications for Interpretation and <strong>Cleaning</strong> 85<br />
Ken Su<strong>the</strong>rland, Beth Price, Andrew Lins, and Irma Passeri<br />
MODERN PAINTS<br />
Characterization and Stability Issues <strong>of</strong> Artists’ Alkyd Paints 89<br />
Rebecca Ploeger and Oscar Chiantore<br />
The Nonideal Action <strong>of</strong> Binary Solvent Mixtures to Oil and Alkyd Paint:<br />
Influence <strong>of</strong> Selective Solvation and Cavitation Energy 97<br />
Stefan Zumbühl, Ester S. B. Ferreira, Nadim C. Scherrer,<br />
and Volker Schaible<br />
Sensitivity <strong>of</strong> Oil Paint Surfaces to Aqueous and O<strong>the</strong>r Solvents 107<br />
Hannah Tempest, Aviva Burnstock, Polly Saltmarsh,<br />
and Klaas Jan van den Berg<br />
Extended Abstract—The Effect <strong>of</strong> Conductivity on Water Solubility:<br />
<strong>Cleaning</strong> a Modern Chinese Oil Painting 115<br />
Gillian Osmond and Anne Carter<br />
Extended Abstract—Noninvasive Assessments <strong>of</strong> <strong>Cleaning</strong> Tests<br />
on an Unvarnished Oil Painting on Canvas by Edvard Munch 119<br />
Tine Frøysaker, Mirjam Liu, and Costanza Miliani<br />
Multitechnique Approach to Evaluate <strong>Cleaning</strong> Treatments for Acrylic<br />
and Polyvinyl Acetate Paints 125<br />
María Teresa Doménech-Carbó, Miguel F. Silva, Elvira Aura-Castro,<br />
Antonio Doménech-Carbó, Laura Fuster-López, Jose V.<br />
Gimeno-Adelantado, Stephan U. Kröner, María Luisa<br />
Martínez-Bazán, Xavier Más-Barberá, Marion F. Mecklenburg,<br />
Laura Osete-Cortina, and Dolores J. Yusá-Marco<br />
Extended Abstract—A Preliminary Study <strong>into</strong> <strong>the</strong> Effects <strong>of</strong> <strong>Cleaning</strong><br />
Polyvinyl Acetate Paints 135<br />
Ana Pereira, Maria João Melo, Peter Eaton, Stephan Schäfer,<br />
and Tom Learner<br />
The Modular <strong>Cleaning</strong> Program in Practice: Application to Acrylic <strong>Paintings</strong> 139<br />
Chris Stavroudis and Tiarna Doherty<br />
<strong>Cleaning</strong> <strong>of</strong> Acrylic Emulsion Paints: Preliminary Extractive Studies<br />
with Two Commercial Paint Systems 147<br />
Richard Wolbers, Amanda Norbutus, and Anthony Lagalante<br />
Surfactants and Acrylic Dispersion Paints: Evaluating Changes Induced<br />
by Wet Surface <strong>Cleaning</strong> Treatments 159<br />
Bronwyn Ormsby, Elli Kampasakali, and Tom Learner
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