Norsk svarteliste 2007

Veien videre The way ahead
2007 Norwegian Black List
Ribbemaneten Mnemiopsis leidyi ble først observert i norske
farvann høsten 2006. Arten har tidligere vist seg å ha store negative
økologiske effekter i Svartehavet og Kaspihavet og er derfor
vurdert til kategori Høy risiko. For svært mange fremmede arter
finnes det imidlertid liten eller ingen kunnskap om effekter på
stedegent biologisk mangfold og hele 83 av de 217 risikovurderte
artene er vurdert til kategori Ukjent risiko. The comb jelly
Mnemiopsis leidyi was first observed in Norwegian waters in
autumn 2006. The species has earlier been shown to have pronounced
negative ecological effects in the Black Sea and the Caspian
Sea, and is therefore classified to the High risk category. For many
alien species, knowledge of impacts on indigenous biological diversity
is, however, poor and as many as 83 of 217 risk-analysed species are
classified in the Unknown risk category. Foto Photo: Marco Faasse
mangfold, kan et mer gradert kategorisystem utvikles.
Dette er imidlertid et svært omfattende arbeid som må
gjennomføres i nært samarbeid med de fremste ekspertene
innenfor fagfeltet. Målet bør da være å utvikle
et kriteriesett og en kategori-inndeling som er oppbygd
etter tilsvarende prinsipper som IUCN sitt arbeid med
rødlisting (IUCN 2001, 2003, 2005, Kålås m.fl. 2006).
I arbeidet med å utvikle metodikken videre er det også
viktig å i nødvendig grad ta hensyn til internasjonal
metodeutvikling som eventuelt vil bli initiert.
Det er viktig å være klar over at det kan ta lang tid
før en fremmed art medfører effekter i det økosystemet
The methodology used in the risk analyses for the
2007 Norwegian Black List does not enable a more
detailed distinction of the degree of negative impact
on indigenous biological diversity. In the continuing
work on risk analyses of alien species, we will consider
the possibility of extending the set of criteria to include
qualities held by the species, such as potential for
dispersal and growth, habitat requirements and competitive
ability. If these and other factors influencing the
ability of species to become established and pose a threat
to indigenous biological diversity are included, a more
finely adjusted system of categories can be developed.
This is a major task, however, and must be carried out
in close cooperation with the foremost experts in the
field. The aim should then be to develop a set of criteria
and a division of categories constructed in accordance
with corresponding principles used by the IUCN in
its work on Red Lists (IUCN 2001, 2003, 2005, Kålås
et al. 2006). When this methodology is being further
developed, it is also important to take adequate account
of any work on methodology development that might
be initiated in other countries.
It is important to be aware that a long time may
ensue before an alien species leads to impacts in an
ecosystem to which it is introduced. Different species,
moreover, affect the environment in different ways and
will have impacts on different levels in the biological
diversity (ecosystem, species, genes), which is another
reason why it may take a long time before impacts are
measurable or visible. This is one of the challenges in
risk analysing alien species, and one reason why risk
analyses should be regularly repeated.
c) Mapping, monitoring and research
Mapping, monitoring and research must form the
”basement” of our national knowledge base on alien
species. On several occasions, the authorities have stated
that knowledge on the consequences of introducing
alien species must be improved (e.g. Report No. 42
(2000-2001) to the Storting, Report No. 21 (2004-
2005) to the Storting, NOU 2004:28). The present
government has also pointed out the importance of
building up a database containing information on
alien species that will be readily available for management
authorities and the general public (Report No. 26
(2006-2007) to the Storting).
In the cross-sectoral strategy to be published in spring
2007, the authorities will indicate which overall measures
will be given priority as regards mapping, monitoring
and research.
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