Demystifying Hazmat Chemistry

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STUDENT HANDOUT DEMYSTIFYING HAZMAT CHEMISTRY Hydrocarbon Radicals and Hydrocarbon Derivatives Hydrocarbon derivatives are comprised of a hydrocarbon radical attached to a functional group. A hydrocarbon radical is a hydrocarbon compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed. The Making of a Hydrocarbon Radical – – – Hydrocarbon radicals do not exist by themselves, because the compounds would not be electrically balanced. The missing hydrogen atoms must be replaced by something else. When a hydrocarbon radical is combined with another element or compound, it forms a hydrocarbon derivative. The chart below provides a simple overview of the hydrocarbon derivatives. A more detailed summary is provided on the following page. Hydrocarbon derivatives can be divided into groups based on the elements that comprise them (below). Part 1 hydrocarbon derivatives contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The group is further divided by general structure. The carbonyls all have a double bond between the carbon and oxygen within their structures; the others do not. Part 2 hydrocarbon derivatives may contain carbon, hydrogen, or oxygen, but they also contain other elements. The charts on the following page show the general structure and functional group of each hydrocarbon derivative. (The “R” in each structure stands for “hydrocarbon radical.”) The functional group (e.g., OH or CO) remains consistent for each type of derivative. Changing the hydrocarbon radicals (e.g., CH 3 or C 2 H 5 ) changes the compound (e.g., methyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol). While these compounds can have many names, the common names often include the words, prefixes, or suffixes shown on the next two pages. The hazards listed are common hazards for some of worst chemicals in each category. Grouping of Hydrocarbon Derivatives Continuing Challenge 2007 Page 26 © 2007 Firebelle Productions and CHES
STUDENT HANDOUT DEMYSTIFYING HAZMAT CHEMISTRY Summary of Hydrocarbon Derivatives (Part 1) Summary of Hydrocarbon Derivatives (Part 2) Continuing Challenge 2007 Page 27 © 2007 Firebelle Productions and CHES
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Demystifying Hazmat Chemistry

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