PRESERVATION OF WALLPAPERS AS PARTS OF INTERIORS

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Preservation of wallpaper as a part of interiors wallpaper should be covered with a layer of facing (for more, see pp. 190–191), which will make it possible to consolidate the brittle pigment and wash the object simultaneously. After the facing has dried, the object should be placed with its printed side up onto a layer of Hollytex and two or three layers of blotting paper. The whole pile should be sprayed with distilled water, which will loosen the particles of dirt. The dirt will be absorbed by the blotting papers, which should be changed at least once or twice during the process. The layer of facing paper should be carefully removed after washing. To prevent runny and water-sensitive pigments from absorbing into the backside of a wallpaper, the areas of the pigment should be consolidated with cyclodecane, which is commonly used as a temporary consolidant to support weak and brittle materials: textiles, objects with loose paint layers, weathered stone etc. Cyclodecane is a fitting material for consolidating runny pigments on wallpapers, since it forms a hydrophobic layer on the surface of an object, which protects it from water and aqueous solutions, as well as polar solvents. 348 Cyclodecane sublimes from the material over the course of time. A consolidant is an adhesive carried in a solvent at the minimum concentration necessary to re-attach a medium to a support. 349 Depending on the degree of fragility, the paint can be either consolidated locally with a soft brush or overall with the aid of spray bottles, vapour beam pens, airbrush guns and the like. 350 The success of a consolidation of aerosols depends on the original paint materials and on the interaction of the adhesive, solvent, and spraying tool. 351 The matte surface of a wallpaper is often treated with watersoluble binding agents, which may be applied either locally or to the entire surface. To effectively consolidate a paint layer, the conservator must know its composition, solubility, sensitivity to 348 Tsüklodekaan ja selle kasutamine paberi konserveerimises. Metoodiline juhend, Nr. 1, ed. Heige Peets. Accessed on June 17, 2013, http://www.kanut.ee/juhendid/ broshyyr_tsyklododekaan.pdf. 349 Collier, “Wallpaper – In and Out of Context”, 55. 350 Hill Stoner & Rushfield, Conservation of Easel Paintings, 377. 351 Ibid., 378. 187
Preservation of wallpaper as a part of interiors heat and moisture, strength and flexibility, as well as the point of application for any material to be introduced. 352 The most common consolidants used in wallpaper conservation are organic adhesives, such as gelatine, sturgeon glue 353 and funori algae, 354 which are frequently used for their matte properties. Since sturgeon glue and funori algae are very expensive, they are commonly used to consolidate small areas. Before applying an adhesive to the surface of a wallpaper, it is important to test its effectiveness, for some consolidants may cause staining or even leave a residual sheen on the surface of a paper. (Fig. 87) It is important to apply the consolidant on the problematic areas as evenly as possible. Purified gelatine, which is commonly used in conservation, is a modified form of glue used in the food and photography industries. Since it is clear, colourless, light resistant and has low viscosity, it is suitable for wallpaper conservation. It does not tend to gel in diluted concentrations, and can be used cold or warm. 355 The concentration of a gelatine solution depends on the character and extent of a treatment. If a certain pigment or small area needs to be consolidated, a 2%–5% gelatine solution in ethanol should be applied locally with a brush. Spray bottles used for distributing a consolidant require very diluted adhesives (1%–2% solutions), so that the sprayer does not become clogged. 356 Another frequently used adhesive is sturgeon glue, which has great strength in low concentrations, is nearly colourless, and is the most flexible and the least shrinking of all the collagen glues. 357 Because it has a low viscosity and gelation temperature, it can be used at cooler temperatures and remains liquid longer than other animal glues. 358 352 Ibid., 371. 353 GMW für Papierrestauratoren, Sturgeon Glue, 10 grams cost 19,50 €, accessed June 7, 2013, http://www.gmw-shop.de/shop-uk/klebstoffe---klebstoffbereitung/stoerleimchips.php. 354 GMW für Papierrestauratoren, Funori, 25 grams cost 19,80 €, accessed June 7, 2013, http://www.gmw-shop.de/shop-uk/klebstoffe---klebstoffbereitung/funori.php. 355 Hill Stoner and Rushfield, Conservation of Easel Paintings, 372. 356 Ibid., 378. 357 Ibid., 318–328. 358 Ibid., 372. 188
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INTERVIEW Interview with Simona Pre
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Paccin - Preparation, Art Handling
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Collier, A., Wallpaper - In and Out
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PRESERVATION OF WALLPAPERS AS PARTS OF INTERIORS

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