PRESERVATION OF WALLPAPERS AS PARTS OF INTERIORS

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Methods of wallpaper production and mounting 2.2. METHODS <strong>OF</strong> PRINTING The subtlety and quality of an image or pattern were influenced by methods of printing. Throughout history, various techniques have been developed in an attempt to get a finer result. Although there have been a large variety of techniques used to produce wallpapers, the author will focus on the historical methods of wallpaper production mentioned in the text. Such techniques as stencilling, block printing, flocking, surface-printing and embossing will be dealt with. The value of a wallpaper depended on the way it was produced. Usually its price depended on the material and method of production. In terms of production, it can be said that the more labour-intensive the production of a wallpaper is, the more costly it is. Thus, hand-printed wallpapers are costlier than their machine-printed counterparts. Even after it was possible to produce wallpapers by machine, large manufacturers had a blockprinting workshop to produce more luxurious wall covers. 2.2.1. Stencilling During the early 18th century outlines of wallpaper patterns were printed with woodblocks using black ink. The inner fields of the elements were filled in either by hand or with a stencil. Although the latter was gradually abandoned around 1780, when block-printing had reached its peak, it is still possible to find marks of stencilling on cheaper wallpapers from the late 18th century and early 19th century. Templates were most commonly cut from a resistant material, such as leather, card or thin metal. 180 Paint was either sprayed or brushed on the cut-away parts. (Fig. 64) If stencilling was carried out by brushing, this can be recognized by the presence of multi-directional brush strokes ending abruptly at the edges of solid-coloured pattern shapes, where outlines of colour often collected and streaked. 181 (Fig. 65) 180 Lesley Hoskins, ed., Glossary. The Papered Wall. The History, Patterns and Techniques of Wallpaper, 267. 181 Frangiamore, Wallpapers in Historic Preservation, 6. 111
Methods of wallpaper production and mounting Figure 64. Stencilling is one of the most archaic methods of printings wallpapers. It is seldom used nowadays. Reproduction from Handbuch der Tapete, Franz Rullmann, Verlagsanstalt Alexander Koch GmbH, Stuttgart, 1958, p. 23. Figure 65. A stencilled wallpaper produced in the 1860s found in the Freyschlösschen in Salzburg, Austria. 112
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Kadri Kallaste PRESERVATION OF WALL
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Kadri Kallaste Preservation of Wall
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3. Discussing principles of conserv
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Introduction removed from its origi
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Introduction Kristel Kevvai (2008)
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Introduction CHOICE OF TOPIC The ch
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Introduction OBJECTS OF RESEARCH Ei
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Introduction STRUCTURE OF THE THESI
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Introduction HISTORIOGRAPHY AND SOU
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Introduction The material dealing w
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Task of conservation. Case studies
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Methodological conclusions preferre
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Methodological conclusions briefly
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Kokkuvõte tapeetide säilitamine n
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Kokkuvõte Eestis ei ole aga muuseu
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Kokkuvõte JÄRELDUSED Tapeetide re
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Kokkuvõte Tapeedi eemaldamine sell
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INTERVIEW Interview with Simona Pre
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Paccin - Preparation, Art Handling
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Collier, A., Wallpaper - In and Out
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Krista Kodres, Mart Kalm and Elo Lu
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Directory, 1997. Accessed September
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