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Table of Contents 1 Human Capital / Mati Heidmets, Editor7 Introduction / Mati Heidmets 7 1.1 UN Human Development Index / Aado Keskpaik 8 1.2 Population / Allan Puur, Luule Sakkeus, Tiit Tammaru 14 1.3 Education /Anu Toots, Triin Lauri 30 1.4 Health / Raul-Allan Kiivet 41 1.5 Values/ Anu Realo 48 Summary / Mati Heidmets 59 2 People and Society / Marju Lauristin, Editor61 Introduction / Marju Lauristin 61 2.1 General success of the development: Bertelsmann Transition Index / Peeter Vihalemm 62 2.2 Freedom and democracy / Martin Mölder, Vello Pettai 67 2.3 Civil society and social capital / Juhan Kivirähk, Marju Lauristin 74 2.4 The information environment and freedom of the media / Peeter Vihalemm 78 2.5 Corruption / Jüri Saar 83 2.6 Crime and the population’s sense of security / Jüri Saar 86 2.7 Children’s safety in the new media environment /Veronika Kalmus. 92 2.8 Public assessments of the state’s development and trust in government institutions / Juhan Kivirähk, Marju Lauristin95 2.9 Estonia’s peacefulness and security in an unstable world / Marju Lauristin, Juhan Kivirähk 100 Summary / Marju Lauristin 103 3 Welfare and the Quality of Life / Anu Toots, Editor105 Introduction / Anu Toots 105 3.1 The Concepts of welfare / Kaie Kerem, Kaire Põder 106 2 Estonian Human Development Report 2012/2013
3.2 Income inequality and equality / Triin Roosalu 114 3.3 Subjective well-being / Mati Heidmets 122 3.4 Quality of life / Anu Toots 129 3.5 Environment dimension of well-being / Mari Jüssi 139 Summary: Paradoxes of the Estonian quality of life / Anu Toots 146 4 The Economy / Jüri Sepp, Editor149 Introduction / Jüri Sepp 149 4.1 Economic environment / Jüri Sepp, Clemens Buchen, Helje Kaldaru 150 4.2 The wealth and growth potential of nations / Alari Purju 158 4.3 Labour market / Reelika Leetmaa, Andres Võrk 165 4.4 Productivity and the economic structure / Uku Varblane, Urmas Varblane 173 4.5 Innovation / Erik Terk, Katrin Männik, Silja Lassur 181 Summary / Jüri Sepp 190 5 Globalisation and Policy Patterns / Erik Terk, Editor193 Introduction / Erik Terk 193 5.1 Globalisation and Estonia /Erik Terk, Marju Lauristin 194 5.2 The impacts of globalisation and possible strategies in a globalising world / Silja Lassur, Erik Terk 197 5.3 Development policies / Erik Terk, Silja Lassur 201 5.4 Future perspectives / Erik Terk, Silja Lassur 204 Summary / Erik Terk 207 6 The Next Step / Mati Heidmets209 EHDR 2012/2013 Authors212 Estonian Human Development Report 2012/2013 3
Page 1: ESTONIAN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2
Page 6 and 7: Dear Reader Since the moment when E
Page 9 and 10: 1Human Capital Estonian Human Devel
Page 11 and 12: the HDI’s content has also been h
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1.1.1 The human development
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1.1.7 The income sub-index:
Page 17 and 18: The results of the Princeton Projec
Page 19 and 20: the hypothetical generation. The to
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1.2.3 Life expectancy. Eston
Page 23 and 24: Table 1.2.2 also presents the most
Page 25 and 26: The new trends that are appearing i
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1.2.8 Components of populati
Page 29 and 30: New features were introduced into E
Page 31 and 32: Initiation of Voluntary Birth Contr
Page 33 and 34: Table 1.3.1 Best-known educational
Page 35 and 36: (OECD 2012b). Therefore a certain r
Page 37 and 38: The reciprocal dependence of the pr
Page 39 and 40: Figure 1.3.8 Percentage of students
Page 41 and 42: Table 1.3.4 The quality of educatio
Page 43 and 44: 1.4 Health Raul-Allan Kiivet Change
Page 45 and 46: Table 1.4.1 Usage of prescription m
Page 47 and 48: allude to the fact that approximate
Page 49 and 50: promote healthy lifestyles among th
Page 51 and 52: Figure 1.5.1 The World Values Surve
Page 53 and 54: Table 1.5.2 Estonia’s participati
Page 55 and 56:
Figure 1.5.3 The percentage of the
Page 57 and 58:
Figure 1.5.5 Percentage of the Esto
Page 59 and 60:
The fact that Estonia’s position
Page 61 and 62:
Summary Mati Heidmets The global vi
Page 63 and 64:
2People and Society Estonian Human
Page 65 and 66:
Table 2.1.1 Structure of the Bertel
Page 67 and 68:
tioning market economies (15 states
Page 69 and 70:
2.2 Freedom and democracy Martin M
Page 71 and 72:
Table 2.2.1 Democracy indicators Po
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 2.2.2 The distribution of th
Page 75 and 76:
would be something that none of the
Page 77 and 78:
political participation are general
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strongest, while a very small perce
Page 81 and 82:
is concerned, Estonia is one of the
Page 83 and 84:
Figure 2.4.2 Average circulation of
Page 85 and 86:
2.5 Corruption Jüri Saar In accord
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Lithuania, 61%; and in Russia, 69%.
Page 89 and 90:
2.6.2 Intentional homicides in Esto
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crime. And thirdly, there was a wis
Page 93 and 94:
References 1. Ahven, A. & Tabur, L.
Page 95 and 96:
states included in the EU Kids Onli
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2.8 Public assessments of the state
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Figure 2.8.4 Changes releated to tr
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of the state’s development are en
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Table 2.9.1 The positions of Estoni
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3. IEP (2011). Structures of Peace.
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3Welfare and the Quality of Life Es
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choices made, not what people say t
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 3.1.5 Public social spending
Page 113 and 114:
tion agreed upon the social contrac
Page 115 and 116:
References 1. Aidukaite, J. (2006).
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hand, to the “inequality of acces
Page 119 and 120:
and explanations of the extent of i
Page 121 and 122:
5- much more than I deserve. Some d
Page 123 and 124:
people in Estonia consider the inco
Page 125 and 126:
Table 3.3.1 Experienced Well-Being
Page 127 and 128:
at about 70%. In Latvia and Lithuan
Page 129 and 130:
sign. It seems that the usual view
Page 131 and 132:
3.4 Quality of life Anu Toots 3.4.1
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a uniform composite indicator has n
Page 135 and 136:
3.4.6 The components of life qualit
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Figure 3.4.4c Perceived quality of
Page 139 and 140:
Figure 3.4.5 Changes in the depriva
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3.5 Environment dimension of well-b
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Figure 3.5.1.b Estonia’s position
Page 145 and 146:
3.5.4 Energy intensity The energy i
Page 147 and 148:
productivity, which is defined as t
Page 149 and 150:
perceive themselves as worse off th
Page 151 and 152:
4The Economy Estonian Human Develop
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vide a valuable connection for maki
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Figure 4.1.3 Components of economic
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ule of law, the sub-indicators for
Page 159 and 160:
References 1. Acemoglu, D.; Robinso
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Development Report employs generali
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and pasture land, and this was capi
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Basing the total and net savings re
Page 167 and 168:
4.3 Labour market Reelika Leetmaa,
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The problems include the very limit
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• Expenditures for active labour
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who lose their jobs. These ensure i
Page 175 and 176:
4.4 Productivity and the economic s
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labour costs at the company level r
Page 179 and 180:
Table 4.4.4 Comparison of the produ
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Figure 4.4.1 Annual average increas
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4.5 Innovation Erik Terk, Katrin M
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Table 4.5.2 Comparison of innovatio
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Table 4.5.4 Comparison of the indic
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in order to make the R&D potential
Page 191 and 192:
It is characteristic of the South K
Page 193 and 194:
mechanisms for increasing their sta
Page 195 and 196:
Globalisation and Policy Patterns 5
Page 197 and 198:
When Estonia regained its independe
Page 199 and 200:
5.2 The impacts of globalisation an
Page 201 and 202:
Table 5.2.2 Support of the differen
Page 203 and 204:
5.3 Development policies Erik Terk,
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• C -the “Estonia-centred” su
Page 207 and 208:
Figure 5.4.1 Support for the possib
Page 209:
Summary Erik Terk Estonia is part o
Page 212 and 213:
ehavioural patterns. Therefore, it
Page 214 and 215:
EDR 2012/2013 authors Clemens Buche
Page 216 and 217:
EDR 2012/2013 authors Alari Purju i
Page 218:
Editor-in-Chief: Mati Heidmets Prod
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