kly\mZw

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]m]w sNøp∂-Xn\p apºv Ah-\n¬ \n∂p]c∂ \dp-aWw Ah≥
Ct∏mƒ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂p. ñBZw arK-ßsf t]cp sNm√nhnfn-®t∏mƒ
Cu ASp∏w D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu \dp-aWw \Ωn¬ \n∂v
FSpØpam‰n-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂m¬ Cutim AXns\ ]cn-l-cn®v
\-ap°p Xncn®p X∂p. CXmWv a\p-jy-h¿KsØ a[p-c-X-c-am-°p-
∂-Xv. 11
7.3. tPm¨ Ua-jo≥
F√m ]Zm¿∞-sØbpw Rm≥ _lp-am-\n-°p-∂p.- Fs‚
c£ AXn-eq-sS-bmWv.- A-Xn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]-bp-≠v.- G-‰hpw
A\pKr-lo-X-amb Ipcn-ins‚ XSn ]-Zm¿∞-a-t√? ]cn-ip-≤hpw
]cn-]m-h-\-hp-amb Im¬hcnae ]Zm¿∞-a-t√? Poh-Zm-b-I-amb ]md,-
]-cn-ip≤ Ipgn-amSw ]Zm¿∞-a-t√? kphn-ti-j-]p-kvXIw ]Zm¿∞a-t√?
Pohs‚ IqZmi ]cn-I¿Ωw sN-øp∂ tai ]Zm¿∞-a-t√?
Imkmbpw ]oem-kmbpw \n¿Ωn°p∂ kz¿Ww ]Zm¿∞-a-t√?
Ah-km-\-ambn, anin-lm-bpsS ico-chpw c‡hpw ]Zm¿∞-a-t√?
]Zm¿∞-sØ ]pNvOn°cp-Xv.- AXv ]pNvOn°s∏-tS≠X√. 12
7.4. alm-\mb At{_mkv
{]-IrXn F√m Imcy-ßfpw a\p-jy\v s]mXp-hn¬ \evIn-bncn-°p-∂p.-
F-√m-h¿°pw `£Ww Bh-iy-am-sW∂p I≠mWv
ssZhw F√m hn`-h-ßfpw Hcp-°n-b-Xv.- `qan a\p-jys‚ s]mXp
kzØm-Wv. {]-IrXn Hcp s]m-Xp-\n-b-a-amWv sIm≠p-h-∂n-cn-°p-∂-
Xv.- ]t£ AXym¿Øn AXns\ kzImcy Ah-Im-i-am-°n. 13
7.5. a¡p k`m]nXm°∑m¿
hnip≤ _tkentbmkv, hnip≤ At¥m\ntbmkv,
hnip≤ Ptdmw, hnip≤ BKkvXot\mkv aqXemb Xm]k∑mcpw
ankv‰n°pIfpw hnip≤ {^m≥kokv A oknsbt∏mep≈
hnip≤cpw {]]©hkvXp°ƒ XßfpsS Bflob At\zj
Wßfn¬ ka¿∞ambn Dƒt®¿ØhcmWv. \Ωƒ ssZha°fpw
]ckv]cw ktlmZccpw Bbncn°p∂Xpt]me a¡p {]]©h
kly\mZw
sabv 2012
343
kvXp°sfbpw ktlmZcßfmbn ImWm≥ A oknbnse
]pWyhm\p Ignp. P¿Ω≥anÃn°pIfmb ssaÿ F°m¿´v
(1260˛1327), ln¬sUKm¿Uv Hm^v _nß≥ (1098˛1179) XpSßnb
hcpw ssZhimkv{X⁄\mb tXmakv AIzo\mkpw (1225˛1274)
{]IrXntbmSv Xpdhp≈hcmbncp∂p. sNdnb ]pevs°mSn t]mepw
ssZhsØ°pdn®v \sΩ Hm¿Ωs∏SpØp∂psh∂v hnip≤
t_kn¬ (330˛379) FgpXn.
8. ]cnÿnXnkwc£Whpw [m¿ΩnIXbpw
ssZhhpambp≈ a\pjycpsS _‘ØI¿®bmWv ]m]Øns‚
BXy¥nI am\w. a\pjycpambp≈ \ΩpsS _‘w Debp∂Xv
ssZhhpambp≈ _‘sØ _m[n°psa∂Xv hy‡amWv.
ssZhØns‚ Ombbnepw kmZriyØnepw krjvSn°s∏´ a\p
jy¿ ssZhØns‚ {]Xn\n[nIfmbn {]h¿Øn-t°-≠-h-cm-Wv.
ssZhlnXw ewLn®psIm≠p≈ {]IrXnbpsS D]t`mKamWv
{]Ya ]m]w. F∂m¬ {]IrXnbpambp≈ _‘w Xmdpamdm°p
∂Xv ]m]IcamsW∂v C∂pw \ap°v henb t_m[y-an-√. ssZh
hpambp≈ a\pjycpsS _‘Øn¬ km[mcWKXnbn¬ aÆpw
acßfpw Ibdnhcp∂n√; ImcWw a\pjys‚ Poh¬ ]mfnbmbn
{]IrXnsb \mw ImWp∂n√ F∂XpXs∂. {]IrXnsb A{i≤
ambn \in∏n°p∂Xv ]m]IcamsW∂p \mw Icp-Xp-∂n√. amcI
amb hnjwXfn®v ]®°dnbp≠m°n hnev°p∂Xv G‰p]dtb≠
]m]ßfpsS ]´nIbn¬ hcp∂n√. Ggv kmaqlnI aqe]m]ß
fpsS ]´nI hØn°m≥ 2008˛¬ ]pdØnd°nbncp∂p. AXnsem∂v
{]IrXnsb aen\am°p∂XmWv. ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bpsS aX-t_m-
[-\-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ tamjvSn°cpXv F∂ 7˛mw Iev]\sb∏‰n {]Xn]m
Zn°p∂nSØv ]cnÿnXnsbbpw arKßsfbpw \mw Fßs\
D]tbmKn°p∂psh∂Xv ]cnNn¥\Øn\v hnjbam°nbncn°p
∂p. ë`qanbpsSta¬ B[n]Xyap≠mbncn°s´î(D¬] 1,28)
F∂Xn\v {]IrXnsb X∂njvSwt]mse ssIImcyw sNøm≥
hyhÿmXoXamb AhImiaps≠∂v A¿∞an√. a\pjy≥ ssZ
hØns‚ Ombbn¬ krjvSn°s∏´h\mIbm¬ AP]meIs\
344
sabv 2012
kly\mZw