Bibliometric Analysis Asia-Pacific Research Area ... - JuSER

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Central Library 3.3 Publication Output and Perception of Countries Compared to Germany In order to compare the perception generated by a country with its publication performance, this section will take Germany as a benchmark and conduct a comparative study of each country and Germany (for the entire period under review 1998 to 2007). Figures 90(a) to 101(a) compare the number of publications by a country in each discipline with the benchmark using the following formula. This gives us the percentage of publications that a country produces in comparison to Germany. A negative value indicates in percent how far below the benchmark a particular country is, while a positive value indicates how many more publications the corresponding country has produced compared to Germany in that particular subject. PC − P PG G ⋅100% where P C = number of publications by country C P G = number of publications by Germany Thanks to the analyses in the previous chapters, we know that most of the countries boast a rather small publication output. The way we illustrate our results here allows us to compare the countries in a discipline and determine those countries that publish either more or less than Germany, the disciplines in which they do so, and the degree to which they do so. Taken as a whole, we found only two countries that produce more scientific articles in individual disciplines than Germany: Japan (in 8 disciplines) and China (in 6 disciplines). In the case of all of the other countries, we can see the degree to which each country lies below the comparative value for Germany. The perception of the countries is measured against the scientific perception of Germany in Figures 90(b) to 101(b). In order to measure the perception, we determine what percentage of Germany’s citation rate a country achieves in a particular discipline. As was the case in the previous analysis, a negative value indicates how far below the benchmark a country lies, while a positive value correspondingly indicates how much higher (in percent) the citation rate of the respective country is in relation to that of Germany in that particular subject. The calculations are based on the following formula, which is equivalent to the previous comparison of the number of publications: CPPc − CPPG ⋅100% CPPG where CPP C = citation rate of country C CPP G = citation rate of Germany It can be seen that China lies well below expectations in all of the disciplines analysed despite its high publication output. China lies below the citation level of Germany in all of the disciplines investigated. This is not the case for some of the other countries studied: in 4 of the 13 disciplines analysed, Australia generated a higher or at least the same perception as Germany, despite the fact that Australia’s publication output is well below the level of China or Germany. From this, we can conclude that a high number of publications alone is not a guarantee for a high perception. The inverse holds for a comparably low publication output in that this does not automatically mean that a country has no chance of a relatively high international visibility. 117
Central Library Number of publications by China compared to Germany Physics -20.68% Nanotechnology 16.32% Medicine -78.51% Mathematics 31.07% Materials science 60.29% Engineering 34.91% Information and computer science -2.96% Geosciences -25.40% Energy -46.59% Chemistry 31.06% Biology and biotechnology Agricultural science -56.97% -51.88% Multidisciplinary journals 11.36% -100% -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Benchmark Germany Figure 90(a): Number of publications by China compared to the selected benchmark Germany Citation rates for China compared to Germany Physics -54.53% Nanotechnology Medicine Mathematics -33.79% -35.96% -32.58% Materials science Engineering Information and computer science Geosciences -46.82% -41.80% -39.36% -47.66% Energy -29.66% Chemistry -49.90% Biology and biotechnology -62.96% Agricultural science -29.48% Multidisciplinary journals -85.67% -100% -75% -50% -25% 0% Benchmark Germany Figure 90(b): Citation rates for China compared to the selected benchmark Germany 118
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