physicochemical
Contents of 39(1 & 2) 2011 - acharya ng ranga agricultural university
Contents of 39(1 & 2) 2011 - acharya ng ranga agricultural university
- No tags were found...
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
SURVEY ON LEVEL OF AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN EASTERN<br />
Aflatoxin analysis has been performed by<br />
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with<br />
immunoaffinity column clean up and post-column<br />
derivatization using a photochemical reactor for<br />
enhanced detection (PHRED) system for<br />
derivatization (Waltking and Wilson, 2006).<br />
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION<br />
The results of the interview at various stages<br />
of delivery chain indicated that 1) Most of the<br />
farmers sold the groundnuts to local traders after<br />
harvest. 2) Harvesting was carried out by pulling the<br />
groundnut plants manually. 3) Pod stripping was also<br />
carried out manually. 4) Fifty per cent of the farmers<br />
only dried and stored groundnuts before sending to<br />
collectors or processers. 5) Collectors (middle men)<br />
sold the groundnuts directly to factories or stored<br />
the groundnuts in gunny bags for short period (up to<br />
7-10 days). 6) Most of the farmers and collectors<br />
were not aware of aflatoxin problem in groundnut. 7)<br />
Some of the factory people were aware of aflatoxin<br />
problem in processed groundnut.<br />
Quantification of aflatoxin B1 was done by<br />
comparing the standard peak area and sample peak<br />
area. Standard aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) peak<br />
areas are shown in fig 1(a) and one infected groundnut<br />
kernel sample containing aflatoxin B1 and B2 and<br />
one healthy groundnut kernel sample is shown in fig<br />
1(b) and 1(c) respectively. The result of the level of<br />
aflatoxin contamination during survey revealed that,<br />
two kinds of aflatoxins (B1 and B2) were found in<br />
surveyed samples. Aflatoxin B1 was more often<br />
found. The Aflatoxin B1 content of groundnut kernels<br />
derived from various kinds of groundnut collected<br />
from different delivery chains during kharif season<br />
was greater than those from the rabi season (table<br />
1). The Aflatoxin B1 content of groundnut kernels<br />
from farmers was greater (33-40 ppb in kharif and<br />
20-32 ppb in rabi season) than the other members of<br />
delivery chain. Lowest aflatoxin B1 was observed<br />
from retailers (8-10 ppb in kharif and 5-10 ppb in rabi<br />
season). According to Dharmaputra et al., (2007a and<br />
2010) 33 per cent of raw kernels samples were<br />
contaminated with aflatoxin B1 with more than 15<br />
ppb and the range infection by A.flavus was higher<br />
in the kernels collected from wholesaler than those<br />
from retailer.<br />
The study revealed that awareness about<br />
aflatoxin problem in groundnut at farmer level is only<br />
minimal. Right management practices and drying<br />
methods to minimize aflatoxin problem in groundnut<br />
need to be inculcated among the farming community<br />
by rigorous trainings and frontline demonstrations.<br />
Rabi produced groundnuts are safer in terms of<br />
aflatoxin contamination compared to kharif produced<br />
groundnuts. In the groundnut delivery chain, more<br />
aflatoxin contaminated groundnuts were recorded<br />
at farmer level.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
Financial support for this work was provided<br />
by Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University,<br />
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad under Head of Account<br />
“230 280 Aflatoxin lab and Quality Control Lab”<br />
Peak<br />
no.<br />
Peak<br />
name<br />
Retention<br />
Time<br />
Area<br />
1 G2 11.39 2728197<br />
2 G1 12.5 2715818<br />
3 B2 14.492 2414365<br />
4 B1 17.892 2634453<br />
Fig: 1a. Custom report for aflatoxin standards analysed through HPLC<br />
35
Change language