The Journal of Research ANGRAU

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EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING ON BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES DURING SEED STORAGE for 8 h and 2.5% for 24 h. Antioxidant activity of aged seeds increased after seed priming treatments. Seed priming with hormones was more effective than seed priming with KNO 3 in activation of antioxidant enzymes. It was suggested that using seed enhancement treatments like seed priming could improve aged and non-aged seed performance. REFERENCES Castillo F I, Penel I and Greppin H, 1984. Peroxidase release induced by ozone in Sedum album leaves, Plant Physiology, 74: 846-851. Choi Y H, Kobayashi M and Sakurai A, 1996. Endogenous gibberellins A1 level and á- amylase activity in germinating rice seeds, Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 15: 147- 151. Lee S S and Kim J H, 2000. Total sugars, á-amylase activity, and emergence after priming of normal and aged rice seeds, Korean Journal Crop Sciences, 45:108–111 Saha R, Mandal A K, and Basu R N, 1990. Physiology of invigoration treatments in soybean (Glycine max L.) Seed Science and Technology, 18: 269–276. Sathish S and Sundareswaran S, 2010. Biochemical evaluation of seed priming in fresh and aged seeds of maize hybrid (COH (M) 5) and its parental lines, ISSN vol. 4: 2. Sung F J M and Chang Y H, 1993. Biochemical activities associated with priming of sweet corn seeds to improve vigor, Seed Science and Technology 21, 97–105. Syed, Ata Siadat, Amir Moosavi and Mehran Sharafi Zadeh, 2012. Effects of seed priming on antioxidant activity and germination characteristics of maize seeds under different ageing treatment, Research Journal of Seed Science, 5: 51-62. Wattanakulpakin, Songsin Photchanachai, Khanok Ratanakhanokchai, Khin Lay Kyu, Panumart Ritthichai and Shuichi Miyagawa, 2012. Hydropriming effects on carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activity and seed vigor of maize (Zea mays L.), African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(15): 3537-3547. 74
Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 70-73, 2013 AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BLACKGRAM IN GULBARGA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA DEEPAK HEGDE, D. V. SUBBA RAO, N. VASUDEV and K. SUPRIYA College of Agriculture, ANGR Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030 Date of Receipt : 23.05.2012 Date of Acceptance : 04.08.2012 The area of traditional cultivation of black gram is confined to the South Asia and adjacent regions (India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar). About 70 per cent of world’s black gram production comes from India and it is the largest producer as well as consumer of black gram. It produces about 1.5 million tonnes of blackgram annually from about 2.5 million hectares of area with an average productivity of 400 kg per hectare. Black gram output accounts for about 10 per cent of India’s total pulse production. The major producing states are Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. The study was under taken in Karnataka with specific objective to estimate the costs and margins at different stages in marketing channel of blackgram. Combination of purposive and random sampling techniques was used for selection of district, markets, market functionaries and farmers required for the study. Two taluks in this district were selected based on the probability proportional to the area under the study. Two villages from each taluk were selected based on area cultivated under pulses and obtained yield. The required primary data were obtained from 25 sample farmers from each village by interview method making a sample of 100 from the district as a whole. Farmers are categorized into small and large based on the land holdings. It was also intended to study the market functionaries involved at different stages of the value chain of pulses, their marketing costs and margins. Commission agents (15), traders (15), processors (15), wholesaler (10) and retailers (10) were selected at random. Secondary data pertaining to the agro economic features of the study area were collected from tahaseldar office and Agriculture Department of Gulbarga district. Multiple linear regression model was fitted to analyze the factors influencing the profit margin of blackgram. The cost of cultivation of blackgram was estimated at Rs.27, 671. It increased with the size of holding from Rs. 27,044 for small farmers to Rs. 28,307 for large farmers (Table.1). It was observed that the operational costs accounted for a major share in the total costs on all the categories of farms. The total operational costs were Rs. 22,972, Rs. 24,057 and Rs. 23,493 for small farmers, large farmers and the sample as a whole respectively. Higher operational cost of large farmers was due to hiring more human labour and tractor services and incurring more cost on manures and fertilizers and plant protection chemicals. The price spread was studied in two channels. Commission agents were involved in channel-I while traders were involved in channel-II. On an average, the producer incurred a cost of Rs. 159 per quintal of blackgram towards soot, gunny bag, labour charges, transportation, weighing (Rs.) and miscellaneous in channel I. Commission agent incurred a cost of Rs. 90 in channel I. In channel II, blackgram producer incurred a marketing cost of Rs. 199. Total marketing cost incurred by the trader was Rs. 135. Processor’s marketing cost and wholesalers marketing costs were the same in both the channels. Total marketing cost incurred by retailer was Rs. 76. The results were in conformity with the findings of Banerjee and Palke (2010). Because of more marketing cost incurred by farmers and more margins obtained by the middlemen, producers share in consumer’s rupee was less in channel II (73 per cent) than in channel-I (78 per cent). Similar views were shared by Govind Pal (2002). Even though the producers share in consumer’s rupee was less in channel-II when compared to channel-I, most of the farmers in Jewargi taluk of Gulbarga district were selling their produce in this channel. email: deepakhegde236@gmail.com 75
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CONTENTS PART I : PLANT SCIENCE Eff
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 1-4, 2013 EFFEC
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EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NPK
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 5-13, 2013 NUTR
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NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY RICE CROP UNDER
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LAKSHMI et al Fig 1. Changes in C/N
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LAKSHMI et al Changes in C/N ratio
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Page 37 and 38: VEMANNA et al The range in mean val
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Page 45 and 46: RAMANA et al RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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Page 51 and 52: RAJANNA et al the present findings
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Page 67 and 68: SANDYARANI et al Weed parameters li
Page 69 and 70: SANDYARANI et al Table 2. Influence
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Page 99 and 100: RAO et al Table 1. Plant height, nu
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Page 107 and 108: NIRMALA and VASANTHA earliness in a
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PUNYAVATHI and VIJAYALAKSHMI REFERE
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KATTEL et al Table 1. Item Analysis
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Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1)
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RADHIKA et al Thus, the results of
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RAJU et al estimated daily dietary
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RAJU et al Table 3. Physico-chemica
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MINNIE et al Table 2. Estimates of
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Statement about ownership and other
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GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF M
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ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSIDER
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