The Journal of Research ANGRAU

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POSTPARTUM OVARIAN FOLLICULAR DYNAMICS AND ESTRUS ACTIVITY presence of high FSH receptors (Knopf et al. 1989). Kulick et al. (2001) opined that the slower average growth rate of the dominant follicle of the second in two wave cycle was compensated by taking a longer period for reaching maximum diameter and ovulation. The maximum diameter of dominant follicles of first and second waves in two wave cycles reached on 5.13 + 0.63 and 18.50 + 0.50 days and in three wave cycles, 6.45+ 0.88, 12.89+3.06 and 20.44+1.42 days and regression started on 10.80+ 1.10 in first wave in two wave cycle and 7.12+ 0.74 and 15.15+ 2.26 days in first and second waves of three wave cycle, which were in agreement with the Figueiredo et al. 1997) and Gaur et al. (2007) in Nellore cows. Statistical analysis of the data of diameter of dominant follicle in two wave cycles revealed that the diameter of the first wave dominant follicle was significantly (P< 0.01) smaller than the second wave dominant follicle (ovulatory follicle). The growth rate of second wave dominant follicle was faster than its counterpart in the first follicular wave. The regression of dominant follicles of first wave in two wave cycle and first and second waves in three wave cycle occurs between 7-15 days observed in the present study were similar to the findings of Figueiredo et al. (1997) and Gaur et al. (2007) in Nellore cows. The mean regression rate of first wave in two wave cycle was 1.41+0.20 mm per day and in three wave cycle 1.20 + 0.33 and 1.48 + 0.33 in first and second waves respectively. The mean duration of phase of regression of dominant follicles in first wave of two wave cycles was recorded as 6.50+ 0.56 days and in three wave cycles 7.13 + 1.86 and 4.72 + 1.42 days respectively in first and second waves. The mean period of static phase was 1.20±0.26 days in first wave of two wave cycle and 1.80±0.34 and 1.67±0.67 days for first and second waves of three wave cycles, respectively. The mean ovulation in natural estrus in postpartum lactating Ongole cows was recorded as 20.90 ±0.46 and 22.20±0.37 respectively in two wave and three wave estrous cycles. The mean duration of first and second wave in two wave estrous cycles in postpartum lactating Ongole cows were 14.20±0.40 and 9.10±0.45, respectively. Where as in three wave estrous cycles the duration of first, second and third waves were 11.20±0.37, 10.60±0.40 and 6.0±0.31 days, respectively. In the present study, in natural cycle, the corpus luteum grew to a maximum diameter of 15.93 + 0.37 and 17.8 + 0.37 mm in two and three wave cycles on the day 13.1+1.50, 14.60+0.56 and remained static up to 14.60+ 1.50 and 15.90+0.45 days of the estrous cycles, respectively. The above results were almost comparable to that observed by Figueiredo et al. (1997) in Nelore cows 15.56 + 0.44 and 17.69+0.80 mm in two and three wave cycles, respectively. But Mayra et al. (1999) and Rhodes et al.(1997) reported higher size in zebu cows. The mean period of first exhibition of postpartum estrus was recorded as 109.50 + 4.56 days. The incidence of estrus was recorded as 32.50 % and 62.50 % during day and night time respectively. These findings were in corroboration with the report of Venkat Naidu et al (2010) It may be concluded that the knowledge about the follicular dynamics in postpartum lactating Ongole cows helps in planning and designing of the synchronization protocols and reducing the service period, inter calving period etc, for improving reproductive performance. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors express their sincere gratitude to the SVVU, Tirupati for providing facilities to carry out the research work at Cattle Project, Live Stock Research Station, Lam Farm, Guntur. REFERENCES Akter. Z, Talukder. A.K., Akter. T., Kabir. M.S., Kamal. M.M., Bari. F.Y and Shamsuddin. M. 2010. Ultrasonographic study of ovarian cyclicity in Zebu cows of Bangladesh. 5 (2), 65. Alan Bennett Maia Alexandre Alves Ciro TorresReinaldo Jose Mendes Streets, Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Jr., Giovanni, Ribeiro e Carvalho, Jefferson Ferreira da Fonseca, Alberto Neto Marcatti Anderson George of Assisi-2003. 58
RAMANA et al Characteristics of follicular dynamics and luteal regression in cows of Gir and Nelore cows after treatment with cloprostenol. Journal of Animal Science. 32(1) :1806-9290. Borges, A.M., Torres, C. A.A, Rocha Junior, V.R., Ruas, J.R.M., Gioso, M.M., Fonseca, J.E., Carvalho, G.R., Maffili, V.V,–2004. Follicular dynamics and ovulation time of non-lactating Gir and Nelore cows during two seasons of the year. Arquivo Brasillerio de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia. 56:(3), 346-354. 30 ref. Borges, A.M., Torres, C. A.A, Ruas, J.R.M., Rocha Junior, V.R., Carvalho, G.R –2001. Ovarian follicular dynamics in crosbred Holstein-zebu heifers. Arquivo Brasillerio de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia. 53;5, 595-604. 18 ref. Evandro S. Sartorelli, Luciano M. Carvalho, Bergfelt, D.R, Ginther, O.J., Ciro M. Barros. 2005. Morphological characterization of follicle deviation in Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers and cows. Theriogenology 63 2382-2394. Figueiredo, R. A., Barros, C. M., Pinheiro, O. L and Soler J M P 1997 Ovarian follicular dynamics in Nellore Breed (Bos indicus) cattle. Theriogenology 47 : 489-1505. Gaur, M and G. N. Purohit, 2007. Follicular dynamics in Rathi (Bos indicus) cattle Veterinarskiarhi 77 (2); 177-186. Ginther, O.J., M.A.Beg., F.X. Donadeu and D.R. Bergfelt, 2003. Mechanism of follicle deviation in monovular farm species. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 78: 239 – 257. Henao G Olivera – Angel M and Maldonado – Estrada J G 2000 Follicular dynamics during postpartum anestrus and the first estrous cycle in suckled and non-suckled Brahman (Bos indicus) cows. Animal Reproduction Science 63 : 127 – 136 Knopf, L., J.P. Kastelic, E. Schallenberger and O.J. Ginther, 1989. Ovarian follicular dynamics in heifers: test of two-wave hypothesis by ultrasonically monitoring individual follicles. Dom. Anim. Endocrin., 6: 111-119. Krishna Mohan, U.K. Mishra, O.P Mishra, Singh, C and Prakash B.S. 2010. Follicular development pattern in post partum anestrous sahwal cows during Ovsynch protocol. IndianVet. Journal., 87: 448-450. Kulick, L.J., D.R. Bergfelt, K. Kot, and O.J. Ginther, 2001. Follicle selection in cattle: Follicle deviation and codominance within sequential waves. Biol. Reprod., 65: 839 –846. Malhi, P.S., G.P. Adams and J. Singh, 2005. Bovine model for the study of reproductive aging in women: Follicular, luteal and endocrine characteristics. Biol. Reprod., 73: 45 – 53. Mayra Elena Ortiz, D. avila Assumpcao, Ed Hoffmann Madureira. Rubens Paes de arruda, Eneiva Carla carvalho Celeghini, Pedro Paulo Gimenez Gumoes, Pedro Henrique Candini, Jose Antonio Visintin. Sao Paulo 1999. Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. 36 (6) Mihm, M., P.J. Baker, J.L.H. Ireland, G.W. Smith, P.M. Coussens, A.C.O. Evans and J.J. Ireland, 2006. Molecular evidence that growth of dominant follicles involves a reduction in follicle stimulating hormone dependence and an increase in luteinizing hormone dependence in cattle. Biol. Reprod., 74: 1051 – 1059. Peters A R and Lamming G E 1986 Regulation of ovarian function in the postpartum cow : an endocrine model. Veterinary Record 118 : 236- 239. Rajamahendran R and Taylor C 1990 Characterisation of ovarian activity in postpartum dairy cows using ultrasound imaging and progesterone profiles. Animal Reproduction Science 22 : 171-180. Rhodes, F.M., A.J. Peterson, P.D. Jolly, W.H. McMillan, M.Donnison, A. Ledgard, G. Parton and D.R. Hall, 1997. Bovine ovarian follicle and oocyte characteristics after emergence of the first follicular wave. Theriogenology, 47: 149 (Abst.). Rhodes, F.M., De’ath, G., Entwistle, K.W. 1995Animal and temporal effects on ovarian 59
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CONTENTS PART I : PLANT SCIENCE Eff
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 1-4, 2013 EFFEC
Page 7 and 8: EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NPK
Page 9 and 10: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 5-13, 2013 NUTR
Page 11 and 12: NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY RICE CROP UNDER
Page 19 and 20: LAKSHMI et al Fig 1. Changes in C/N
Page 21 and 22: LAKSHMI et al Changes in C/N ratio
Page 23 and 24: LAKSHMI et al Table 3. Changes in h
Page 25 and 26: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 20-29, 2013 INF
Page 27 and 28: PRASAD and PRASADINI of bulk densit
Page 29 and 30: PRASAD and PRASADINI to as high as
Page 31 and 32: PRASAD and PRASADINI Table 4 . Infl
Page 33 and 34: PRASAD and PRASADINI Table 8. Influ
Page 35 and 36: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 30-38, 2013 GEN
Page 37 and 38: VEMANNA et al The range in mean val
Page 39 and 40: VEMANNA et al grain yield per plant
Page 41 and 42: VEMANNA et al 41
Page 43 and 44: VEMANNA et al Singh, S. P and Khan,
Page 45 and 46: RAMANA et al RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Page 47 and 48: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 42-46, 2013 A S
Page 49 and 50: RAJANNA et. al. Table 2. Reasons fo
Page 51 and 52: RAJANNA et al the present findings
Page 53 and 54: NARASIMHA et al Table 1. Proximate
Page 55 and 56: NARASIMHA et al Maynard, L., Lossli
Page 57: RAMANA et al with small follicles m
Page 61 and 62: Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1)
Page 63 and 64: KIRTHY et al Akhtar et al., 2008; S
Page 65 and 66: KIRTHY et al El Gharras H. 2009. Po
Page 67 and 68: SANDYARANI et al Weed parameters li
Page 69 and 70: SANDYARANI et al Table 2. Influence
Page 73 and 74: KUMAR et al Table 2. Effect of seed
Page 77 and 78: DEEPAK et al Table 2 Price spread a
Page 81 and 82: YAMINI et al Table 3. Estimates of
Page 83 and 84: YAMINI et al coupled with high per
Page 85 and 86: LOKESH et al Table 1. Clustering pa
Page 87 and 88: LOKESH et al Table 4. Mean values o
Page 89 and 90: ABIRAMI et al Socio-economic Impact
Page 91 and 92: ABIRAMI et al socio-economic impact
Page 95 and 96: VEMANNA et al Table 1. Discriminant
Page 97 and 98: VEMANNA et al total biomass, fresh
Page 99 and 100: RAO et al Table 1. Plant height, nu
Page 103 and 104: DEVI et al S.No Category Frequency
Page 105 and 106: DEVI et al extension contact and ma
Page 107 and 108: NIRMALA and VASANTHA earliness in a
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NIRMALA and VASANTHA adopted this t
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SUDHARANI et al Table 1. Genotypic
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SUDHARANI et al At genotypic level,
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NIRMALA et al weight of pods per pl
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NIRMALA et al Table 3. Cluster mean
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Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1)
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PUNYAVATHI and VIJAYALAKSHMI 6.5 6.
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PUNYAVATHI and VIJAYALAKSHMI REFERE
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KATTEL et al Table 1. Item Analysis
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RADHIKA et al Thus, the results of
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RAJU et al estimated daily dietary
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RAJU et al Table 3. Physico-chemica
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MINNIE et al Table 2. Estimates of
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Statement about ownership and other
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GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF M
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ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSIDER
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