The Journal of Research ANGRAU

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INFLUENCE OF INM ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES sources FYM, had a consistent response to improve the infiltration of water significantly atleast during the part of rice growing period. Kumar et al., (1992) also recorded significant improvement in infiltration rate of water due to integrated nutrient management of nutrients in rice-wheat cropping system. Hydraulic conductivity The hydraulic conductivity of the soil supplied with different levels of fertilizers ranged from 0.25 to 0.27 cm h -1 at transplanting in kharif season during 2005-06 and from 0.23 to 0.25 cm h -1 in the subsequent rabi (Table 6). A significant improvement in this physical property of the soil was recorded both in kharif and rabi due to the substitution of FYM @ 25 % N fertilizer equivalent in kharif. But the substitution of 25 or 50 % recommended level of N through glyricidia significantly improved the hydraulic conductivity both in kharif and rabi seasons during the second year. The hydraulic conductivity was significantly low in the kharif season in the fertilizer treatments than in integrated nutrient management treatments by substituting 25 or 50 % recommended level of NPK through FYM or glyricidia only in the second year. Such improvement was not recorded in the rabi season during both the years. No significant variation in the hydraulic conductivity in the surface soil upto 15 cm depth was recorded either in kharif or rabi season at harvest stage of the crop during 2005- 06 or 2006-07. The hydraulic conductivity was invariably low in the lower (15 – 30 cm) depth than upper layer of the soil in all the treatments at different stages of crop growth (Table 7). It ranged from 0.20 to 0.22 cm h -1 at the time of transplanting in kharif 2005 and from 0.19 to 0.21 cm h -1 during 2006 due to different levels of fertilizer application. During the subsequent growth phases of panicle initiation and harvesting, hydraulic conductivity was similar in unfertilized, fertilized and integrated nutrient management treatments during both the years. Water holding capacity The maximum water holding capacity of the soil was reduced consistently with advance in age of the crop from transplanting to panicle initiation and at harvest in all the treatments (Table 8). The soil supplied with different levels of nutrients through the fertilizers held 42.04 - 42.14 % water at transplanting in kharif and 41.26 – 41.41 % in rabi during 2005-06. The water retention of the soil improved significantly by substituting 25 or 50 % recommended level of N with FYM. This effect was long lasting until harvest both during kharif and rabi in the first year. Paddy straw and glyricidia were also effective sources to retain more moisture at different stages of crop growth during the two years. The water holding capacity was relatively low at 15-30 than 0-15 cm soil depth irrespective of the treatment during both the years (Table 9). Unlike in the top layer, the substitution of organics at 25 or 50 % fertilizer N equivalent was distinct with significantly higher moisture content than in the fertilized or unfertilized plots from transplanting to panicle initiation stage in the kharif season. The water holding capacity was also best improved by the substitution of 50 or 25 per cent N fertilizer with FYM in the Kharif season. The improvement in this soil physical property was long sustained until harvest due to the cumulative influence of reduced bulk density, increased porosity vis –a- vis an increase in the infiltration and hydraulic conductivity of the soil during the early periods of crop growth. The substitution of 50 or 25 per cent N fertilizer with rice straw or glyricidia also in general had a long lasting effect in better water retention for good crop management. The lower 15-30 cm soil layer was not influenced by organic matter additions. An improvement in water holding capacity of the soil by the combined application of organic and inorganic source of nutrients was also recorded by Vennila and Muthuvel (1998). Grain yield The unfertilized crop produced low grain yield of 2475 and 2199 kg ha -1 in kharif and 2025 and 1545 kg ha -1 in rabi during 2005-06 and 2006-07, respectively (Table 10). The fertilizer application benefited the crop to produce more yield. The production increased to 3739 and 3920 kg ha -1 in two seasons during 2005-06, while it increased to 2911 and 2801 kg ha -1 in kharif and rabi in 2006-07. The strategy to apply 50 % recommended dose of fertilizers in kharif and recommended dose of fertilizers in rabi maintained the proportion of production in consonance with the increase in level of nutrients added. The production raised enormously 28
PRASAD and PRASADINI to as high as 5405 kg ha -1 in rabi 2005-06 and 4105 kg ha -1 during 2006-07 due to the high dose of recommended level of fertilizers. The application of recommended dose of fertilizers continuously in kharif and rabi seasons invariably produced significantly more grain yield. High produce of 4676 and 5890 kg ha -1 was realized by this treatment in the kharif and rabi seasons during 2005-06. Similarly, maximum grain yield of 3983 kg ha -1 in kharif and 3801 kg ha -1 in rabi was realized from the optimum fertilizer schedule in the second year. The substitution of 50 % N fertilizer with paddy straw in kharif season reduced the grain yield compared to the production realized by application of recommended dose of fertilizers during both the years. The substitution of 25 % N fertilizer with paddy straw in kharif season reduced the grain yield significantly only during the second year. The substitution of 50 % N fertilizer with glyricidia in kharif season and application of recommended dose of fertilizers in rabi season were the best integrated nutrient management strategies. The substitution of 25 % N fertilizer with glyricidia in kharif season and application of 75 % recommended dose of fertilizers in rabi season was also highly productive. The results of the present investigation showed that the physical properties of the soil were influenced by different nutrient management practices. These effects were highly distinguished in the upper 0-15 cm depth and were less distinct in the lower 15- 30 cm depth. This layer wise differentiation was probably due to the more weathered and microbiologically intensive portion within which the organic and inorganic sources of nutrients were incorporated for their reactions than in the lower layer. Table 1. Influence of integrated nutrient management treatments on bulk density (g cm -3 ) of soil in rice-rice cropping system at 0-15 cm depth Treat 2005-06 2006-07 ment Transplanting Panicle Harvesting Transplanting Panicle initiation initiation Harvesting Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi T 1 1.53 1.53 1.56 1.56 1.59 1.60 1.54 1.54 1.57 1.57 1.60 1.61 T 2 1.54 1.54 1.57 1.56 1.60 1.60 1.55 1.55 1.58 1.58 1.61 1.62 T 3 1.53 1.54 1.57 1.56 1.60 1.61 1.54 1.55 1.58 1.58 1.61 1.61 T 4 1.53 1.54 1.57 1.56 1.60 1.61 1.54 1.55 1.58 1.58 1.61 1.61 T 5 1.53 1.54 1.57 1.56 1.60 1.61 1.54 1.55 1.58 1.58 1.61 1.62 T 6 1.43 1.45 1.45 1.47 1.61 1.49 1.44 1.43 1.46 1.45 1.48 1.47 T 7 1.45 1.47 1.47 1.49 1.49 1.51 1.46 1.45 1.48 1.47 1.50 1.53 T 8 1.45 1.47 1.47 1.49 1.49 1.51 1.46 1.45 1.48 1.47 1.50 1.52 T 9 1.47 1.49 1.49 1.51 1.51 1.53 1.48 1.45 1.50 1.50 1.52 1.53 T 10 1.46 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.47 1.45 1.50 1.47 1.52 1.54 T 11 1.47 1.49 1.48 1.51 1.50 1.53 1.48 1.47 1.49 1.49 1.51 1.53 T 12 1.53 1.53 1.50 1.56 1.59 1.59 1.54 1.54 1.57 1.57 1.60 1.61 SEm + 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.30 0.30 CD at 5 % 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.07 29
Page 1 and 2: 1
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS PART I : PLANT SCIENCE Eff
Page 5 and 6: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 1-4, 2013 EFFEC
Page 7 and 8: EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NPK
Page 9 and 10: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 5-13, 2013 NUTR
Page 11 and 12: NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY RICE CROP UNDER
Page 19 and 20: LAKSHMI et al Fig 1. Changes in C/N
Page 21 and 22: LAKSHMI et al Changes in C/N ratio
Page 23 and 24: LAKSHMI et al Table 3. Changes in h
Page 25 and 26: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 20-29, 2013 INF
Page 27: PRASAD and PRASADINI of bulk densit
Page 31 and 32: PRASAD and PRASADINI Table 4 . Infl
Page 33 and 34: PRASAD and PRASADINI Table 8. Influ
Page 35 and 36: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 30-38, 2013 GEN
Page 37 and 38: VEMANNA et al The range in mean val
Page 39 and 40: VEMANNA et al grain yield per plant
Page 41 and 42: VEMANNA et al 41
Page 43 and 44: VEMANNA et al Singh, S. P and Khan,
Page 45 and 46: RAMANA et al RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Page 47 and 48: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 42-46, 2013 A S
Page 49 and 50: RAJANNA et. al. Table 2. Reasons fo
Page 51 and 52: RAJANNA et al the present findings
Page 53 and 54: NARASIMHA et al Table 1. Proximate
Page 55 and 56: NARASIMHA et al Maynard, L., Lossli
Page 57 and 58: RAMANA et al with small follicles m
Page 59 and 60: RAMANA et al Characteristics of fol
Page 61 and 62: Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1)
Page 63 and 64: KIRTHY et al Akhtar et al., 2008; S
Page 65 and 66: KIRTHY et al El Gharras H. 2009. Po
Page 67 and 68: SANDYARANI et al Weed parameters li
Page 69 and 70: SANDYARANI et al Table 2. Influence
Page 73 and 74: KUMAR et al Table 2. Effect of seed
Page 77 and 78: DEEPAK et al Table 2 Price spread a
Page 79 and 80:
Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1)
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YAMINI et al Table 3. Estimates of
Page 83 and 84:
YAMINI et al coupled with high per
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LOKESH et al Table 1. Clustering pa
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LOKESH et al Table 4. Mean values o
Page 89 and 90:
ABIRAMI et al Socio-economic Impact
Page 91 and 92:
ABIRAMI et al socio-economic impact
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Page 95 and 96:
VEMANNA et al Table 1. Discriminant
Page 97 and 98:
VEMANNA et al total biomass, fresh
Page 99 and 100:
RAO et al Table 1. Plant height, nu
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Page 103 and 104:
DEVI et al S.No Category Frequency
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DEVI et al extension contact and ma
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NIRMALA and VASANTHA earliness in a
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NIRMALA and VASANTHA adopted this t
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SUDHARANI et al Table 1. Genotypic
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SUDHARANI et al At genotypic level,
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NIRMALA et al weight of pods per pl
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NIRMALA et al Table 3. Cluster mean
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PUNYAVATHI and VIJAYALAKSHMI 6.5 6.
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PUNYAVATHI and VIJAYALAKSHMI REFERE
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KATTEL et al Table 1. Item Analysis
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Page 131 and 132:
RADHIKA et al Thus, the results of
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RAJU et al estimated daily dietary
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RAJU et al Table 3. Physico-chemica
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Page 139 and 140:
MINNIE et al Table 2. Estimates of
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Statement about ownership and other
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GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF M
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ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSIDER
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