The Journal of Research ANGRAU

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CHANGES IN MATURITY INDICES DURING VERMICOMPOSTING VS CONVENTIONAL During vermicomposting the change in fulvic acid content from 15 to 60 days varied from 2.58 to 2.42 % in cane trash, 2.56 to 2.41 % in weeds, 2.61 to 2.50 % in vegetable market waste and 2.11 to 2.08 % in paddy straw. In conventional composting the changes in fulvic acid content from 15 to 110 days were 2.18 to 2.16 % in cane trash, 2.28 to 2.22 % in weeds, 2.29 to 2.26 % in vegetable market waste and 2.17 to 2.15 % in paddy straw. Higher fulvic acid content was recorded in vermicomposting than conventional composting. With the progress of decomposition fulvic acid did not followed any particular trend in both the methods of composting. Krishna Murthy et al. (2010) were of the opinion that low fulvic acid and high humic acid percentage were the indications that the compost has reached an advanced stage of maturity and also stated that the compost quality increased with increasing humic acid percentage. Changes in humic acid/fulvic acid ratio (HA/ FA ratio) during vermicomposting and composting The humification index (HI), which is the ratio between the humic acid and fulvic acid, is believed to be a good maturity and stability index. The changes in humic acid/fulvic acid ratio during vermicomposting and conventional composting were presented in Table 3 and 4. During vermicomposting the HA/FA ratio varied from 2.91 (cane trash) to 3.45 (vegetable market waste) at 15 days and 3.72 (paddy straw) to 4.34 (vegetable market waste) at 60 days, where as in conventional composting it was ranged between 3.46 to 3.56 at 15 days and 4.23 to 4.55 at 110 days. In both the composting methods minimum HA/FA ratio was recorded in paddy straw and maximum ratio was recorded in vegetable market waste. The increase in humic acid to fulvic acid ratio reflects the formation of complex molecules (humic acids) from more simple molecules (fulvic acids). Similar increase in humic acid/fulvic acid ratio during incubation of organic residues was observed by Xiaowei et al., (2010). REFERENCES Alok Bhardwaj. 2010. Management of kitchen waste material through vermicomposting. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences. 1 (1): 175-177. Auldry Chaddy Petrus., Osumanu Haruna Ahmed and Ab Majid Nik Muhamad. 2009. Chemical characteristics of compost and humic acid from sago waste. American Journal of Applied Science. 6(11): 1880-1884. Jackson ML. 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi PP:1-485. Kitturmath, M.S., Giraddi, R.S and Basavaraj, B. 2007. Nutrient changes during earthworm- Eudrilus eugeniae mediated vermicomposting of Agro-industrial wastes. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 20(3): 653-654. Kononova, M.M. 1966. Soil organic matter, its nature, origin and role in soil fertility. 2 nd Edition, Pergamon Press. Oxford. PP:400-410. Krishna Murthy, R., Sreenivasan, N and Prakash, S.S. 2010. Chemical and biochemical properties of Parthenium and Chormolaena compost. International Journal of Science and Nature. 1(2): 166-171. Manuel Tejada, Ana Maria Garcia-Martinez and Juan Parrado. 2009. Relationships between biological and chemical parameters on the composting of a municipal solid waste. Bioresource Technology. 100: 4062-4065. Piper, C.S. 1966. Soil and Plant Analysis. Hans Publishers, Bombay Swati Pattnaik and Vikram Reddy, M. 2010. Nutrient status of vermicompost of urban green waste processed by three earthworm species- Eisenia foetida, Eudrilus eugeniae and Perionyx excavatus. Applied and Environmental Soil Science. Xiaowei, Li., Meiyan Xing., Jian Yang and Zhidong Huang. 2010. Compositional and functional features of humic acid like fractions from vermicomposting of sewage sludge and cowdung. Journal of Hazardous material. 185(2,3): 740-748. 24
J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 20-29, 2013 INFLUENCE OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALFISOLS UNDER RICE –RICE CROPPING SYSTEM IN SOUTHERN TELANGANA ZONE V. MAHESWARA PRASAD and P. PRABHU PRASADINI DAATT Centre, Krishna District, Machilipatnam - 521002 Date of Receipt :07.12.2012 Date of Acceptance : 31.01.2013 ABSTRACT Studies were conducted to understand the influence of integrated nutrient management on physical properties of Alfisols under rice-rice cropping system during 2005-06 and 2006-07 at Agricultural College Farm, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The bulk density, porosity and water holding capacity did not change significantly by the application of different levels of fertilizers in both kharif and rabi season compared to the unfertilized soil. The application of 50% recommended dose of 120:60:60 kg ha -1 NPK integrated with 50% N fertilizer equivalent through FYM, paddy straw or glyricidia in kharif season followed by the application of recommended dose of 120:60:60 kg NPK ha -1 through fertilizers in rabi season significantly reduced the bulk density and porosity in the upper 0-15 cm and increased the water holding capacity upto 30 cm depth. Similar change in the physical properties was observed due to application of 75% recommended dose of fertilizers integrated with 25% N fertilizer equivalent through any one of the three organic sources in kharif season and application of 75% recommended dose of fertilizers in rabi. The improvement in the rate of infiltration of water and hydraulic conductivity was recorded only at the transplanting stage and was not consistent during the two seasons. The soil physical properties play an important role in determining its suitability for crop production. Soil should be physically fertile to provide a good crop growth medium. This is greatly influenced by several management practices. Soil physical properties such as water holding capacity, bulk density, total porosity, air-filled porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and soil-depth greatly influence root development which in turn influence plant growth and performance. Rice –rice is the most predominant cropping system in the Andhra Pradesh, particularly in southern telangana zone. The major problem is the deterioration of soil physical properties due to continuous puddling and impaired soil fertility due to indiscriminate application of nutrients through the fertilizers with the threat of the declining productivity. The use of locally available organic sources has higher potential to improve the soil physical properties that is in terms of water holding capacity, soil porosity and bulk density, soil fertility and there by soil quality as a whole sustain the level of crop productivity in the Rice –rice cropping system. Hence, an investigation was made to understand the influence of integrated nutrient management (INM) on physical properties of Alfisols under rice-rice cropping system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Present studies were conducted in two consecutive years 2005-06 and 2006-07 at Agricultural College Farm, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The experiment was conducted on a sandy clay loam soil on which only rice was grown continuously in both Kharif and Rabi seasons since 1988. The experiments were laid out in randomized block design with 12 treatments in three replications. Rice variety; RNR 23064 was planted adopting a spacing of 20 cm x 10 cm in 59.8 m 2 sized plot. The treatments comprised of control treatment with out fertilizers and organic manures (T 1 ), 50 % Recommended NPK dose through fertilizers (T 2 ), 50 % Recommended NPK dose through fertilizers (T 3 ), 75 % Recommended NPK dose through fertilizers (T 4 ), 100 % Recommended NPK dose through fertilizers 120:60:60 kg ha -1 (T 5 ), 50 % Recommended NPK dose through fertilizers + 50 % N through FYM (T 6 ), 75 % Recommended NPK dose through fertilizers + 25 % N through FYM (T 7 ), 50 % Recommended NPK dose through fertilizers + 50 % N through paddy straw (T 8 ), 75 % Recommended NPK dose through fertilizers + 25 % N through paddy straw (T 9 ), 50 % Recommended NPK dose through fertilizers + 50 % N through glyricidia (T 10 ), 75 % Recommended NPK dose through fertilizers + 25 % email: vemulamadamp@gmail.com 25
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Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS PART I : PLANT SCIENCE Eff
Page 5 and 6: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 1-4, 2013 EFFEC
Page 7 and 8: EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NPK
Page 9 and 10: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 5-13, 2013 NUTR
Page 11 and 12: NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY RICE CROP UNDER
Page 19 and 20: LAKSHMI et al Fig 1. Changes in C/N
Page 21 and 22: LAKSHMI et al Changes in C/N ratio
Page 23: LAKSHMI et al Table 3. Changes in h
Page 27 and 28: PRASAD and PRASADINI of bulk densit
Page 29 and 30: PRASAD and PRASADINI to as high as
Page 31 and 32: PRASAD and PRASADINI Table 4 . Infl
Page 33 and 34: PRASAD and PRASADINI Table 8. Influ
Page 35 and 36: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 30-38, 2013 GEN
Page 37 and 38: VEMANNA et al The range in mean val
Page 39 and 40: VEMANNA et al grain yield per plant
Page 41 and 42: VEMANNA et al 41
Page 43 and 44: VEMANNA et al Singh, S. P and Khan,
Page 45 and 46: RAMANA et al RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Page 47 and 48: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 42-46, 2013 A S
Page 49 and 50: RAJANNA et. al. Table 2. Reasons fo
Page 51 and 52: RAJANNA et al the present findings
Page 53 and 54: NARASIMHA et al Table 1. Proximate
Page 55 and 56: NARASIMHA et al Maynard, L., Lossli
Page 57 and 58: RAMANA et al with small follicles m
Page 59 and 60: RAMANA et al Characteristics of fol
Page 61 and 62: Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1)
Page 63 and 64: KIRTHY et al Akhtar et al., 2008; S
Page 65 and 66: KIRTHY et al El Gharras H. 2009. Po
Page 67 and 68: SANDYARANI et al Weed parameters li
Page 69 and 70: SANDYARANI et al Table 2. Influence
Page 71 and 72: Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1)
Page 73 and 74: KUMAR et al Table 2. Effect of seed
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Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1)
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DEEPAK et al Table 2 Price spread a
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YAMINI et al Table 3. Estimates of
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YAMINI et al coupled with high per
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LOKESH et al Table 1. Clustering pa
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LOKESH et al Table 4. Mean values o
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ABIRAMI et al Socio-economic Impact
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ABIRAMI et al socio-economic impact
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VEMANNA et al Table 1. Discriminant
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VEMANNA et al total biomass, fresh
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RAO et al Table 1. Plant height, nu
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DEVI et al S.No Category Frequency
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DEVI et al extension contact and ma
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NIRMALA and VASANTHA earliness in a
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NIRMALA and VASANTHA adopted this t
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SUDHARANI et al Table 1. Genotypic
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SUDHARANI et al At genotypic level,
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NIRMALA et al weight of pods per pl
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NIRMALA et al Table 3. Cluster mean
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PUNYAVATHI and VIJAYALAKSHMI 6.5 6.
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PUNYAVATHI and VIJAYALAKSHMI REFERE
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KATTEL et al Table 1. Item Analysis
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RADHIKA et al Thus, the results of
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RAJU et al estimated daily dietary
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RAJU et al Table 3. Physico-chemica
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MINNIE et al Table 2. Estimates of
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Statement about ownership and other
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GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF M
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ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSIDER
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