The Journal of Research ANGRAU

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Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 121-123, 2013 A STUDY ON THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF FARMERS ON RECOMMENDED TEA CULTIVATION PRACTICES IN NEPAL KESHAV KATTEL, R. VASANTHA and M. JAGAN MOHAN REDDY Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture Rajendranagar, ANGR Agricultural University, Hyderabad-500 030 Date of Receipt : 30.06.2011 Date of Acceptance : 29.10.2011 Inspite of the suitable climate and other conducive factors, the tea growers in Nepal are not able to fully reap the benefits of this highly export oriented crop. This has resulted in a stagnation of the area of tea cultivation. The yields are particularly lower than the adjoining regions of India coupled with poor quality of the produce. Against this background, a research was conducted to assess the level of knowledge of the farmers on recommended tea cultivation practices and provide insights on the reasons for the underperformance of the Nepal’s tea industry. An exploratory research design was adopted for the study. As tea cultivation is confined to Jhapa and Ilam, these two districts were selected for the study. Jhapa represents the Terai or plains while Ilam represents the hilly area. Three Village Development Committees (VDCs) from each district were randomly picked and 15 farmers from each VDC were selected thus making a total of 90 respondents. A well prepared and pretested interview schedule consisting of all the recommended practices on tea cultivation was prepared by consulting the experts in the field. The knowledge schedule consisted of 32 items on tea cultivation made in the form of multiple choices, fill in the blanks and true (or) false statements. The collected data were analyzed using equal class intervals, frequencies and percentages. Majority of the respondents were of the middle age group (50%) and educated up to school level (81%). They had low experience in tea cultivation (48%) and were semi-medium farmers (33%). Fifty per cent of the respondents had medium socio-economic status. Majority of them had low extension contact (46%) with the extension agencies and did not receive any training (39%). In case of market intelligence, majority of them had medium market intelligence (60%). A considerable percentage of respondents reported that labour availability was difficult for tea cultivation (57%) and they were not timely available (69%). Majority of the respondents expressed that the inputs were readily available (41%) but not available timely (59%). Majority of the respondents (57%) had utilized loans from the lending agencies. Majority of the respondents had medium risk orientation (56%), innovativeness (60%) and achievement motivation (59%). Majority of the respondents (60%) had medium knowledge followed by low (18%) and high (16%) level of knowledge on recommended tea cultivation practices. To get a better insight on the level of knowledge of respondents on various items of the tea cultivation practices an item analysis on tea cultivation practices was done as depicted in Table 1 below. The item analysis revealed that cent per cent of the respondents had knowledge on the items such as ideal time for pruning and the recommended shade trees for tea cultivation. A large majority of the respondents (>80%) had knowledge on ideal soil, best climate, recommended mulches for tea cultivation, interval between two irrigations, optimum distance between the plants, reasons for the occurrence of collar canker disease, best time for planting, plucking cycles for different seasons, recommended types of planting, use of urea in pits at the time of planting and good winter and early spring rainfall improves yield. Nearly, 50 to 80 percent of the respondents had knowledge on optimum pH of soil for tea cultivation, selection of planting material with at least email: kattel_k@yahoo.com 126
KATTEL et al Table 1. Item Analysis of respondents knowledge on recommended Tea cultivation practices N=90 S.No. Knowledge Items Correct Response Percentage Incorrect Response Percentage 1 Ideal soil for tea cultivation 88 12 2 The optimum soil pH for tea cultivation 60 40 3 The minimum number of clones that should be grown for tea cultivation in a given area 29 71 4 Recommended types of mulches for tea cultivation 91 9 5 The optimum number of plants per hectare of land 74 26 6 Symptoms of boron deficiency 12 88 7 What should be the height of Permanent frame? 76 24 8 Reasons for occurrence of Collar Canker disease 92 8 9 Optimum days between two consecutive irrigation 82 18 10 The ideal time for pruning 100 0 11 The depth of ground water table for tea cultivation 74 26 12 The percentage of total area that one single clone variety should occupy 0 100 13 The clone to seed ratio 19 81 14 The optimum distance for planting 83 17 15 The ideal depth of pits for planting 30 70 16 The symptoms of Potassium deficiency 21 79 17 Two types of planting generally recommended in tea cultivation 94 6 18 Chemical for the control of Black rot 19 81 19 The concentration for foliar application of Zinc Sulphate 33 67 20 The plucking cycle for flush season and for other seasons 90 10 21 The planting material should have at least 12 good mature buds 76 24 22 Application of N and P fertilizers in 2 or more splits 77 23 23 Symptoms of blister blight on tea 59 41 24 Recommended shade trees for tea cultivation 100 0 25 The best time for planting of tea is April to June 91 9 26 Moderately hot and humid conditions are best for tea cultivation 90 10 27 Spraying of insecticides or fungicides indiscriminately increases the incidence of mites 56 44 28 Good rainfall during winter and early spring improves tea yield 93 7 29 Correct dose of application of Hexaconazole 78 22 30 Urea should not be applied in the pit at the time of planting 82 18 31 Various types of bio-fertilizers for tea cultivation 37 63 32 Various types of bio-pesticides for tea cultivation 56 44 12 good mature buds, the optimum number of plants per hectare, the height of the permanent frame, various types of bio pesticides, the use of fertilizers in splits, depth of ground water table, doses of 127
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CONTENTS PART I : PLANT SCIENCE Eff
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 1-4, 2013 EFFEC
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EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NPK
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 5-13, 2013 NUTR
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NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY RICE CROP UNDER
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LAKSHMI et al Fig 1. Changes in C/N
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LAKSHMI et al Changes in C/N ratio
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LAKSHMI et al Table 3. Changes in h
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 20-29, 2013 INF
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PRASAD and PRASADINI of bulk densit
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PRASAD and PRASADINI to as high as
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PRASAD and PRASADINI Table 4 . Infl
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PRASAD and PRASADINI Table 8. Influ
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 30-38, 2013 GEN
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VEMANNA et al The range in mean val
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VEMANNA et al grain yield per plant
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VEMANNA et al 41
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VEMANNA et al Singh, S. P and Khan,
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RAMANA et al RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 42-46, 2013 A S
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RAJANNA et. al. Table 2. Reasons fo
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RAJANNA et al the present findings
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NARASIMHA et al Table 1. Proximate
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NARASIMHA et al Maynard, L., Lossli
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RAMANA et al with small follicles m
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RAMANA et al Characteristics of fol
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Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1)
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KIRTHY et al Akhtar et al., 2008; S
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KIRTHY et al El Gharras H. 2009. Po
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SANDYARANI et al Weed parameters li
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SANDYARANI et al Table 2. Influence
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Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1)
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KUMAR et al Table 2. Effect of seed
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Page 77 and 78: DEEPAK et al Table 2 Price spread a
Page 81 and 82: YAMINI et al Table 3. Estimates of
Page 83 and 84: YAMINI et al coupled with high per
Page 85 and 86: LOKESH et al Table 1. Clustering pa
Page 87 and 88: LOKESH et al Table 4. Mean values o
Page 89 and 90: ABIRAMI et al Socio-economic Impact
Page 91 and 92: ABIRAMI et al socio-economic impact
Page 95 and 96: VEMANNA et al Table 1. Discriminant
Page 97 and 98: VEMANNA et al total biomass, fresh
Page 99 and 100: RAO et al Table 1. Plant height, nu
Page 103 and 104: DEVI et al S.No Category Frequency
Page 105 and 106: DEVI et al extension contact and ma
Page 107 and 108: NIRMALA and VASANTHA earliness in a
Page 109 and 110: NIRMALA and VASANTHA adopted this t
Page 111 and 112: SUDHARANI et al Table 1. Genotypic
Page 113 and 114: SUDHARANI et al At genotypic level,
Page 115 and 116: NIRMALA et al weight of pods per pl
Page 117 and 118: NIRMALA et al Table 3. Cluster mean
Page 123 and 124: PUNYAVATHI and VIJAYALAKSHMI 6.5 6.
Page 125: PUNYAVATHI and VIJAYALAKSHMI REFERE
Page 131 and 132: RADHIKA et al Thus, the results of
Page 133 and 134: RAJU et al estimated daily dietary
Page 135 and 136: RAJU et al Table 3. Physico-chemica
Page 139 and 140: MINNIE et al Table 2. Estimates of
Page 141 and 142: Statement about ownership and other
Page 143 and 144: GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF M
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