The Journal of Research ANGRAU
Contents of 41(1) 2013 - acharya ng ranga agricultural university Contents of 41(1) 2013 - acharya ng ranga agricultural university
Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 101-104, 2013 A STUDY ON DIFFUSION STATUS OF SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) IN ANDHRA PRADESH K. NIRMALA and R. VASANTHA Department of Agricultural Extension College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, ANGRAU, Hyderabad – 500 030 Date of Receipt : 14.06.2012 Date of Acceptance : 27.09.2012 Any efforts that successfully reduce the water allocation for rice even by 20 to 30 per cent will help in averting both the food and water crises as farmers can continue to grow more rice with less water. Frequent drought over the past 10 years has left the rice farmers of Andhra Pradesh in doldrums. Andhra Pradesh experienced severe drought in 1999- 2000, characterized by water shortages, falling groundwater levels and increased risk of contamination of surface water. Drought, followed by low rainfall (534 mm annual rainfall) in the south-west and north-east monsoons during 1999 was exacerbated by groundwater extraction. Agricultural production was seriously reduced in kharif 1999. Thereafter, the thrust for conservative water-usage became the major concern for scientists and farmers. Depleted water resources, stagnated rice productivity, the growing importance of organic agriculture, increased production costs and the need for better utilization of family labour among small and marginal farmers, calls for a shift in cultivation practices. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) offers a way to not only reduce the demand for water while growing irrigated rice, but also of simultaneously increasing rice production. SRI was introduced in Andhra Pradesh in kharif 2003 in all 22 districts of the state by Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU). Since 2003, ANGRAU and State Department of Agriculture has taken several initiatives to promote SRI in Andhra Pradesh (www. sriindia.net,2009). Today, India has one of the largest numbers of SRI farmers in the world. Official record indicates that SRI diffused first to Tamil Nadu State, followed by Andhra Pradesh (Prasad, 2006). Though Andhra Pradesh was the first to start large scale promotion of SRI, but no substantial area could be covered during the last few years. Even after 9-10 years of introduction of SRI technology among farmers of Andhra Pradesh, the pace of spread of technology is not rapid. Hence the present study was conceived to know the status of SRI in terms of diffusion and adoption across the selected villages and mandals of Mahaboobnagar district. The present study was conducted in Mahaboobnagar district as it has highest cultivated area under SRI during 2008-09. Ex-post facto research design was followed. A sample of 120 SRI cultivating farmers from 12 villages of four mandals of the district was selected randomly. Measurement of diffusion status was done under three dimensions i.e, Diffusion Status, spread of SRI in selected villages (secondary data) and adopter categories. Diffusion status of System of Rice Intensification was operationalised as the extent of spread of SRI technology among the farmers from 2006-07 to 2010-11. Diffusion status was measured with the help of developed schedule comprising of various items that are pretested. The score obtained by a respondent on all items of diffusion status were added to get total score. Based on total scores obtained, respondents were grouped into 3 categories of low, medium and high according to equal class interval method. The second dimension i.e. spread of SRI in selected villages was studied in terms of number of farmers adopting and number of acres. Year - wise data was collected starting from 2006-07 to 2010- 2011 (5 years) from secondary sources such as Department of Agriculture and NGOs. The third dimension i.e. adopter categories was studied by categorizing adopters into five categories based on the criteria of innovativeness or email: drankamarajug@yahoo.com 106
NIRMALA and VASANTHA earliness in adoption i.e. the degree to which an individual or others unit of adoption is relatively earlier in adopting new ideas than other members of social system. The year of adoption was taken as criteria to determine the earliness of respondents in adoption of SRI. Data on number of respondents adopting SRI for the first time is collected year wise for five years, starting from 2006-07 to 2010-11 and accordingly the respondents were grouped into five adopter categories viz innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority and laggards. The data was tabulated and depicted graphically. Distribution of respondents according to their diffusion status on SRI is depicted in Fig 1. The probable reason for medium to low diffusion status of SRI among farming community may be because of inherent problems associated with SRI cultivation such as nonavailability of skilled labour, organic manures, difficulties in land levelling and weeding cono weeder, gaps in research and extension, heavy rains in kharif etc. If the above problems are overcome by research and extension agencies by taking necessary steps, then there is a possibility for increase in area under SRI in the district. High 12.50% Low 35.00% Medium 52.50% Fig 1. Diffusion status of SRI technology Table 2. Comparision between total Acreage under Rice and SRI S.no Year Total Acreage under Rice Acreage under SRI % Total Number of Farmers SRI Farmers % 1 2006-07 2 2007-08 3 2008-09 4 2009-10 5 2010-11 Total 1964 6 0.30 982 15 1.52 2244 63 2.80 748 101 13.50 2777 245 8.82 925.67 238 25.71 3438 166 4.82 1719 190 11.05 3129 149 4.76 1564.5 172 10.99 13552 629 4.64 5939.17 716 12.05 107
- Page 55 and 56: NARASIMHA et al Maynard, L., Lossli
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NIRMALA and VASANTHA<br />
earliness in adoption i.e. the degree to which an<br />
individual or others unit <strong>of</strong> adoption is relatively earlier<br />
in adopting new ideas than other members <strong>of</strong> social<br />
system.<br />
<strong>The</strong> year <strong>of</strong> adoption was taken as criteria to<br />
determine the earliness <strong>of</strong> respondents in adoption<br />
<strong>of</strong> SRI. Data on number <strong>of</strong> respondents adopting SRI<br />
for the first time is collected year wise for five years,<br />
starting from 2006-07 to 2010-11 and accordingly the<br />
respondents were grouped into five adopter categories<br />
viz innovators, early adopters, early majority, late<br />
majority and laggards. <strong>The</strong> data was tabulated and<br />
depicted graphically.<br />
Distribution <strong>of</strong> respondents according to their<br />
diffusion status on SRI is depicted in Fig 1. <strong>The</strong><br />
probable reason for medium to low diffusion status<br />
<strong>of</strong> SRI among farming community may be because<br />
<strong>of</strong> inherent problems associated with SRI cultivation<br />
such as nonavailability <strong>of</strong> skilled labour, organic<br />
manures, difficulties in land levelling and weeding<br />
cono weeder, gaps in research and extension, heavy<br />
rains in kharif etc.<br />
If the above problems are overcome by<br />
research and extension agencies by taking necessary<br />
steps, then there is a possibility for increase in area<br />
under SRI in the district.<br />
High<br />
12.50%<br />
Low<br />
35.00%<br />
Medium<br />
52.50%<br />
Fig 1. Diffusion status <strong>of</strong> SRI technology<br />
Table 2. Comparision between total Acreage under Rice and SRI<br />
S.no Year Total<br />
Acreage<br />
under<br />
Rice<br />
Acreage<br />
under<br />
SRI<br />
% Total<br />
Number <strong>of</strong><br />
Farmers<br />
SRI<br />
Farmers<br />
%<br />
1 2006-07<br />
2 2007-08<br />
3 2008-09<br />
4 2009-10<br />
5 2010-11<br />
Total<br />
1964 6 0.30 982 15 1.52<br />
2244 63 2.80 748 101 13.50<br />
2777 245 8.82 925.67 238 25.71<br />
3438 166 4.82 1719 190 11.05<br />
3129 149 4.76 1564.5 172 10.99<br />
13552 629 4.64 5939.17 716 12.05<br />
107
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