The Journal of Research ANGRAU

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Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 101-104, 2013 A STUDY ON DIFFUSION STATUS OF SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) IN ANDHRA PRADESH K. NIRMALA and R. VASANTHA Department of Agricultural Extension College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, ANGRAU, Hyderabad – 500 030 Date of Receipt : 14.06.2012 Date of Acceptance : 27.09.2012 Any efforts that successfully reduce the water allocation for rice even by 20 to 30 per cent will help in averting both the food and water crises as farmers can continue to grow more rice with less water. Frequent drought over the past 10 years has left the rice farmers of Andhra Pradesh in doldrums. Andhra Pradesh experienced severe drought in 1999- 2000, characterized by water shortages, falling groundwater levels and increased risk of contamination of surface water. Drought, followed by low rainfall (534 mm annual rainfall) in the south-west and north-east monsoons during 1999 was exacerbated by groundwater extraction. Agricultural production was seriously reduced in kharif 1999. Thereafter, the thrust for conservative water-usage became the major concern for scientists and farmers. Depleted water resources, stagnated rice productivity, the growing importance of organic agriculture, increased production costs and the need for better utilization of family labour among small and marginal farmers, calls for a shift in cultivation practices. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) offers a way to not only reduce the demand for water while growing irrigated rice, but also of simultaneously increasing rice production. SRI was introduced in Andhra Pradesh in kharif 2003 in all 22 districts of the state by Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU). Since 2003, ANGRAU and State Department of Agriculture has taken several initiatives to promote SRI in Andhra Pradesh (www. sriindia.net,2009). Today, India has one of the largest numbers of SRI farmers in the world. Official record indicates that SRI diffused first to Tamil Nadu State, followed by Andhra Pradesh (Prasad, 2006). Though Andhra Pradesh was the first to start large scale promotion of SRI, but no substantial area could be covered during the last few years. Even after 9-10 years of introduction of SRI technology among farmers of Andhra Pradesh, the pace of spread of technology is not rapid. Hence the present study was conceived to know the status of SRI in terms of diffusion and adoption across the selected villages and mandals of Mahaboobnagar district. The present study was conducted in Mahaboobnagar district as it has highest cultivated area under SRI during 2008-09. Ex-post facto research design was followed. A sample of 120 SRI cultivating farmers from 12 villages of four mandals of the district was selected randomly. Measurement of diffusion status was done under three dimensions i.e, Diffusion Status, spread of SRI in selected villages (secondary data) and adopter categories. Diffusion status of System of Rice Intensification was operationalised as the extent of spread of SRI technology among the farmers from 2006-07 to 2010-11. Diffusion status was measured with the help of developed schedule comprising of various items that are pretested. The score obtained by a respondent on all items of diffusion status were added to get total score. Based on total scores obtained, respondents were grouped into 3 categories of low, medium and high according to equal class interval method. The second dimension i.e. spread of SRI in selected villages was studied in terms of number of farmers adopting and number of acres. Year - wise data was collected starting from 2006-07 to 2010- 2011 (5 years) from secondary sources such as Department of Agriculture and NGOs. The third dimension i.e. adopter categories was studied by categorizing adopters into five categories based on the criteria of innovativeness or email: drankamarajug@yahoo.com 106
NIRMALA and VASANTHA earliness in adoption i.e. the degree to which an individual or others unit of adoption is relatively earlier in adopting new ideas than other members of social system. The year of adoption was taken as criteria to determine the earliness of respondents in adoption of SRI. Data on number of respondents adopting SRI for the first time is collected year wise for five years, starting from 2006-07 to 2010-11 and accordingly the respondents were grouped into five adopter categories viz innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority and laggards. The data was tabulated and depicted graphically. Distribution of respondents according to their diffusion status on SRI is depicted in Fig 1. The probable reason for medium to low diffusion status of SRI among farming community may be because of inherent problems associated with SRI cultivation such as nonavailability of skilled labour, organic manures, difficulties in land levelling and weeding cono weeder, gaps in research and extension, heavy rains in kharif etc. If the above problems are overcome by research and extension agencies by taking necessary steps, then there is a possibility for increase in area under SRI in the district. High 12.50% Low 35.00% Medium 52.50% Fig 1. Diffusion status of SRI technology Table 2. Comparision between total Acreage under Rice and SRI S.no Year Total Acreage under Rice Acreage under SRI % Total Number of Farmers SRI Farmers % 1 2006-07 2 2007-08 3 2008-09 4 2009-10 5 2010-11 Total 1964 6 0.30 982 15 1.52 2244 63 2.80 748 101 13.50 2777 245 8.82 925.67 238 25.71 3438 166 4.82 1719 190 11.05 3129 149 4.76 1564.5 172 10.99 13552 629 4.64 5939.17 716 12.05 107
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CONTENTS PART I : PLANT SCIENCE Eff
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 1-4, 2013 EFFEC
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EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NPK
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 5-13, 2013 NUTR
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NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY RICE CROP UNDER
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LAKSHMI et al Fig 1. Changes in C/N
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LAKSHMI et al Changes in C/N ratio
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LAKSHMI et al Table 3. Changes in h
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 20-29, 2013 INF
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PRASAD and PRASADINI of bulk densit
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PRASAD and PRASADINI to as high as
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PRASAD and PRASADINI Table 4 . Infl
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PRASAD and PRASADINI Table 8. Influ
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 30-38, 2013 GEN
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VEMANNA et al The range in mean val
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VEMANNA et al grain yield per plant
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VEMANNA et al 41
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VEMANNA et al Singh, S. P and Khan,
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RAMANA et al RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(1) 42-46, 2013 A S
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RAJANNA et. al. Table 2. Reasons fo
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RAJANNA et al the present findings
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NARASIMHA et al Table 1. Proximate
Page 55 and 56: NARASIMHA et al Maynard, L., Lossli
Page 57 and 58: RAMANA et al with small follicles m
Page 59 and 60: RAMANA et al Characteristics of fol
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Page 63 and 64: KIRTHY et al Akhtar et al., 2008; S
Page 65 and 66: KIRTHY et al El Gharras H. 2009. Po
Page 67 and 68: SANDYARANI et al Weed parameters li
Page 69 and 70: SANDYARANI et al Table 2. Influence
Page 73 and 74: KUMAR et al Table 2. Effect of seed
Page 77 and 78: DEEPAK et al Table 2 Price spread a
Page 81 and 82: YAMINI et al Table 3. Estimates of
Page 83 and 84: YAMINI et al coupled with high per
Page 85 and 86: LOKESH et al Table 1. Clustering pa
Page 87 and 88: LOKESH et al Table 4. Mean values o
Page 89 and 90: ABIRAMI et al Socio-economic Impact
Page 91 and 92: ABIRAMI et al socio-economic impact
Page 95 and 96: VEMANNA et al Table 1. Discriminant
Page 97 and 98: VEMANNA et al total biomass, fresh
Page 99 and 100: RAO et al Table 1. Plant height, nu
Page 103 and 104: DEVI et al S.No Category Frequency
Page 105: DEVI et al extension contact and ma
Page 109 and 110: NIRMALA and VASANTHA adopted this t
Page 111 and 112: SUDHARANI et al Table 1. Genotypic
Page 113 and 114: SUDHARANI et al At genotypic level,
Page 115 and 116: NIRMALA et al weight of pods per pl
Page 117 and 118: NIRMALA et al Table 3. Cluster mean
Page 123 and 124: PUNYAVATHI and VIJAYALAKSHMI 6.5 6.
Page 125 and 126: PUNYAVATHI and VIJAYALAKSHMI REFERE
Page 127 and 128: KATTEL et al Table 1. Item Analysis
Page 131 and 132: RADHIKA et al Thus, the results of
Page 133 and 134: RAJU et al estimated daily dietary
Page 135 and 136: RAJU et al Table 3. Physico-chemica
Page 139 and 140: MINNIE et al Table 2. Estimates of
Page 141 and 142: Statement about ownership and other
Page 143 and 144: GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF M
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