TABLE CONTENTS

evidens, Amplimerlinius magnistylus, Paratrophurus loofi) and then migratory
endoparasites (Pratylenchus thornei). No sedentary endoparasites (Heterodera avenae) were
found in anhydrobiotic stages, but egg hatching in water or root exudates was slower than
reactivation of migratory endoparasites and ectoparasites. Ecological implications regarding
ability to survive in dry soils and fitness to invade roots when these become available to plant
parasitic nematodes are discussed. A seasonal adaptation in reactivation of nematodes
adjusted to soil moisture and host plant germination seems to benefit migratory endoparasites
as select them as the prevailing nematodes in European Mediterranean cereal and grassland
agrosystems.
Interception of Plant Parasitic Nematodes by the Quarantine Station of
Embrapa, Brazil, in Imported Plant Material
Tenente, R.C.V. (1), V. Gonzaga (1), J.E. Cares (2) & V.R.V. Rissoli (3)
(1) Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotechinologia, PO Box: 2372 (70849-970) Brasília, DF, Brasil; (2)
Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, C.P. 4457 (70910-
900) Brasília, DF., Brasil; (3) Universidade Católica de Brasília, QS 07-Lote 01 (72022-900) Taguatinga Sul,
DF, Brasil
The Plant Quarantine Station (PQS) of Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology
(Cenargen) does phytosanitary analyses for most of the plant material imported by Brazil.
During the last two years, the Nematology laboratory analysed 22,000 samples of these
materials, coming from different countries. The majority of accessions is germplasm, and the
others are commercial products. In 2007, being 2,549 germplasm accessions and 87 of
commercial products were found infected with economic imported nematodes such as
Ditylenchus acutus; Ditylenchus africanus; D. emus; D. myceliophagus; Ditylenchus thornei;
Helicotylenchus bambesae; Pratylenchus penetrans; Scutellonema brachyurum. The majority
of these species are exotic to Brazil. Others nematode species also were detected, but some
already occur in Brazil or some were not plant-parasitic nematodes, as listed in alphabetic
order: Aphelenchoides abyssinicus; A. asterocaudatus; A. besseyi; A. bicaudatus; A.
blastophthorus; A. pusillus; A. subtenuis; Aphelenchus avenae and Paraphelenchus sp. Some
specimens also were detected and it waspossible to identify only in their Ordem:
Araeolaimida and Tylenchida. The infected plant materials were: Arachis. Bismarckia,
Bromélia, Glycines, Gossypium, Helianthus, Hordeum, Lilium, Oryza, Sorghum and Zea. All
these data, refer to the nematological analysis, are storage in a database, denominated
‘Sistema de Informação de Germoplasma’, that is administrated in Cenargen. Part of these
germplasm was submitted to the thermal treatment, dry and humid, for the parasite
eradication, such as maize; peanut, soybean, and sunflower. With those procedures the PQS
of Embrapa collaborates actively to reduce the risk of introduction of new plant parasitic
nematode species in Brazil.
5 th International Congress of Nematology, 2008 324