TABLE CONTENTS

Effects of Salicylic Acid and Amino Butyric Acid on Meloidogyne javanica
in vitro
Moslemi, F. (1), S. Fatemy (2), F. Bernard (1) & H. Shaker Bazarnov (1)
(1) Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran. (2) Nematology Department,
Plant Protection Research Institute, P. O. Box 1454-19395, Tehran, Iran
Root knot nematodes are limiting factors on many agricultural products and farmers’ income
in Iran; their existence is either not recognized or are being treated extensively with
nematicides specially in the greenhouses or high value crops. Resistance of plants to
nematodes can be induced by applying chemicals like salicylic acid (SA) and DL-β-Amino-nbutyric
acid (BABA). In two experiments, 1 ml of each three SA and two BABA
concentrations or distilled water were placed into each well of tissue culture plates to which
50 eggs and/or second stage larvae of Meloidogyne javanica were added. Treatments in 5
replicates were kept for 2 weeks at 25 ○ C for hatching test and 4 days at 15 ○ C for mobility
experiment. Fewer eggs hatched in higher concentrations of both chemicals than in control,
mean control being 23% for SA and 37% for BABA treatments. Under these conditions
neither of both chemicals had any significant effects on larvae mobility.
Effects of Cover Crop Systems and Organic Manures in the Management
of Mesocriconema Xenoplax and other Pests in an Organic Peach Orchard
Gomes, C.B. (1), V.K. Bosenbecker (2) & D.E. Nava (1)
(1) Embrapa Temperate Agriculture C.P. 403, 96001-970, Pelotas-RS, Brazil; (2) Ph.D. student in
Phytopatology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, C.P. 354, Pelotas-RS, Brazil.
The Peach Tree Short Life syndrome (PTSL) associated to ring nematode (Mesocriconema
xenoplax) has been a problem in peach and plum orchards in South Region of Brazil since
about 1980. In order to investigate alternatives to the M. xenoplax control, the impact of three
organic amendments (vermicompost, cattle manure and castor cake) and three ground cover
crop systems (Vicia sativa-Sorghum vulgare, Raphanus sativus-Arachis hypogea and Avena
strigosa-Pennisetum americanum) was investigated in an organic orchard of the peach
Ametista cv. naturally infested with this nematode. During the fall and spring seasons, for 4,5
years, 20kg of each organic waste was incorporated into the soil and the cover crops were
sowed in plots (10m 2 ) containing two adult peach plants. Peach plots whithout weeds or
maintained with native vegetation were used as controls. Four months after the manure
incorporation and seeds planting (9 th crop season ending), soil samples were collected to
determine the M. xenoplax reproduction factor (FR). At the last peach harvest (2007), the
incidence of Anastrepha fraterculus was checked in the in the peach fruits. There was a
reduction in the M. xenoplax FR by using all the cover crop systems tested as well as by
incorporating castor cake and vermicompost amendments into the soil. In the treatments
using V. sativa-S. vulgare, R. sativus-A. hypogeae and cattle manure, the incidence of A.
fraterculus on fruits was reduced. When the soil was supplemented with the castor cake a
tonic effect in the plants was observed, as well as an increase in the number of branches,
nitrogen levels in the leaves and some delay in the fruit ripening. Based on these results, the
continued use of some cover crops and organic amendments may result in a considerable M.
xenoplax suppression in the soil, what should contribute to increase the peach tolerance to
PTSL.
5 th International Congress of Nematology, 2008 279