TABLE CONTENTS

Effect of Biofumigation on Population Dynamics of Pratylenchus spp.
Daub, M. (1), M. Schlathölter (2), W. Schütze (3), R. Grosch (4) & J. Hallmann (5)
(1) Julius Kuehn-Institut (JKI), Institut for Plant Protection in Field Crops und Grassland, Dürener Straße 71, D-
50189 Elsdorf; (2) P. H. Petersen Saatzucht Lundsgaard GmbH & Co. KG, Streichmühler Str. 8a, D-24977
Grundhof; (3) JKI, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Products Protection, Erwin-
Baur-Str. 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg; (4) Institiute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor Echtermeyer
Weg 1, D-14979 Großbeeren; (5) JKI, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Toppheideweg 88,
D-48161 Münster
The lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.) is a major constraint to agricultural and horticultural
crops, causing severe yield losses in conventional as well as organic farming systems. Due to
the wide host range of Pratylenchus crop rotation for nematode control is difficult. A
relatively new and promising control measure is biofumigation. The method makes use of
crucifer species and varieties with high concentration of glucosinolates. The crop is mulched
into the soil at flowering when glucosinolate concentration reaches its peak. Due to
enzymatic hydrolysis of the glucosinolates nematicidal isothiocynates are released into the
soil. The efficacy of biofumigation to control Pratylenchus spp. in temperate regions was
tested in 2006 and 2007 at two field sites on a commercial farm in Northern Germany. The
two field sites differed in Pratylenchus species compostion; field site A was primarily
infested with P. crenatus, field site B with P. penetrans and P. neglectus. The biofumigation
crops were planted after harvest of the previous crop in late July and incorporated mid
September. On field site A the biofumigation treatment Terraprotect (Brassica juncea cv
Energy x Raphanus sativus cv Defender) reduced P. crenatus population density by 50%,
while R. sativus cv Defender caused 30% decrease. On field site B all 10 biofumiagtion
treatments reduced the population density of Pratylenchus spp.: reproduction rates ranged
between 0.2 (Raphanus sativus cv Colonel) and 0.85 (Brassica juncea cv Terrafit).
Bionematicide Effects of Canola Extracts on Heterodera schachtii in vitro
Fatemy, S.
Nematology Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, P. O. Box 1454-19395, Tehran, Iran
Tissues of several species of Brassica family produce compounds such as glucosinolates
which have nematicidal effects. A study was carried out in vitro conditions to assess the
potential of canola extracts on percentage hatch of eggs and mobility of juveniles of sugar
beet cyst nematode. Two commercial Canola cultivars were grown until flowering onset, tops
were cut, frizzed at −20 ○ C; leaves were chopped in a blender, passed through filter papers
and 3 concentrations of stock, 50 and 10% were made. One ml of each concentration was
placed in each well of tissue culture plates to which 50 cysts and/or J2 of Heterodera
schachtii were added and treatments with 10 replicates were kept at 20 and 15 ○ C
respectively. After 72 h, about 100, 80% and less than 1% of juveniles were immobile in
concentrations of stock, 50 and 10% of both cultivars respectively; all juveniles in water
control were alive by the end of the experiment. After 21 days, average 8% of eggs within
cysts were hatched in stock solution of both cvs compared with 50% of those in water
control.
5 th International Congress of Nematology, 2008 278