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How different or similar are nematode communities - International ...
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Identification of Medicinal Hosts for Root-knot Nematodes in the North of<br />
Iran<br />
Davarian T. (1), A. Taheri (2), M. Darajeh (2) & H. Alemi (2)<br />
(1) Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, Iran; (2) Dept. of Plant<br />
Protection, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources,<br />
Gorgan, Iran.<br />
Iran is considered as a major source for medicinal plants in the world, because of historical<br />
backgrounds in medicinal identification and utilization to remedy human and animal diseases<br />
and the plants significant diversity. So, study on plants pathogens to control their damage is<br />
really important. During a survey conducting about distribution of root-knot<br />
nematodes(Meloidogyne spp.) in the north of Iran, root infection of 10 important species of<br />
medicinal plants: Artemisia abrotanum L.(Wormwood), Capsicum annuum L.(Red Pepper),<br />
Lycopersicum esculentum L.(Tomato), Ocimum basilicum L.(Basil), Olea europaea<br />
L.(Olive), Oxalis corniculata L.(Woodsorrel), Punica granatum L.(Pomegranate), Rosa<br />
canina L.(Rose), Viola odorata L.(Sweet Violet) and V. tricolor L.(Heartsease) were<br />
observed during 2006. Infected roots were collected and females were extracted from roots,<br />
then morphology of perineal patterns were studied and M. incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919)<br />
Chitwood, 1949 and M. javanica(Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949 were identified. Galls<br />
induced by these two species occurred both individually and in clusters, varied in size, with<br />
evident distortions of entire root circumference in each host. Severe infection and damage<br />
was observed in basil and tomato by M. incognita and M. javanica, respectively.<br />
Study of Nematodes Associated with Ornamental Foliage Plants in the<br />
North of Iran<br />
Davarian, T. (1), A. Taheri (2), E. Pourjam (3) & Kh. Hemmati (2)<br />
(1) Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, Iran; (2) Faculty of Crop<br />
Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; (3) Faculty of<br />
Agriculture, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.<br />
In order to identify nematodes associated with ornamental foliage plants in greenhouses in<br />
the north of Iran, soil and root samples of the most common ornamentals:(Aloe, Aluminium<br />
plant, Angel wings, Begonia, Chinese evergreen, Climbing philodendron, Croton, Desert<br />
privet, Devils ivy, Dumb cane, Dwarf banana, Elephant foot tree, Finger plant, Flaming<br />
dragon tree, Goose foot plant, Ivy tree, Madagascar dragon tree, Mother of thousands, Prayer<br />
plant, Rubber plant, Screw pine, Spider plant, Spineless yucca, Star fish, Sweetheart plant,<br />
Swiss cheese plant, Tiger begonia, Umbrella grass, Umbrella tree, Upright philodendron,<br />
Velvet plant and Weeping fig) were collected during 2004-2006. The samples were washed<br />
and the nematodes were extracted by sieving and centrifugal sugar-flotation technique. Then<br />
they were fixed and transferred to glycerin according to the Seinhorst modified method. The<br />
permanent slides were mounted and studied thoroughly. In this study 35 species of<br />
Tylenchida, 4 species of Rhabditida, 1 species of Dorylaimida were identified. The most<br />
important species were Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, Pratylenchus neglectus and<br />
Scutellonema brachyurus. The root lesion nematode, P. neglectus was found in 35% of soils<br />
and 5% of root samples, with the population density of 10-120/200 g soil.The root-knot<br />
nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica were the most dominant species with<br />
significant damage up to 100% in some samples. In 29% of cases both species were present<br />
in the same soil. S. brachyurus was found in 10% of soils and 6% of root samples, with the<br />
population density of 50-430/200 g soil.<br />
5 th International Congress of Nematology, 2008 202