Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2000 regional level decision-makers. This regional monitoring programme is now able to alert reef managers in the event of problems, and is an integral tool for integrated coastal planning. Since then national networks have evolved, each with a National Focal Point, a National Committee and a Supervisory Body, all coordinated by a Regional Organizer. This network constitutes the regional Node for the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) for the ‘South-west Indian Ocean Island States’. There are plans to establish more monitoring stations to increase the relevance of the results both in the region and within the international networks e.g. GCRMN, ICRI, GOOS etc. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS The following is a synopsis of the monitoring sites established, surveys conducted and findings for each country through the REP-IOC Programme: Comoros Two sectors in Grand Comore were monitored in 1998 and 1999: Mitsamiouli and Moroni (Comotel). After the installation of the ‘Parc Marin de Moheli’, a comprehensive assessment of reef status was required and 2 study sectors were selected: Itsamias in the Marine Park, which is a major marine turtle (Chelonia mydas and Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting site; and the small islands of Nioumachouoi with one transect site on the small island of Ouenefou, and another on Candzoni island, with reef flat and outer slope transects. Mitsamiouli Site: This is on the north-west of Grande Comores, 42km from Moroni on 4km of coastline with rocky cliffs interspersed with white sand beaches where the major tourist sites are located (11 o 25’ S; 43 o 18’ E). The Mitsamiouli population of 4,500 has 3 extremely active associations for environmental protection, which have prohibited sand and coral mining, and fishing is a key economic activity. Permanent transects on the reef flat (8m depth) showed 46.9% live coral cover in 1998, and 44.0% in 1999, however, there was approximately 15% bleached and dead coral cover in 1999 that were covered with algae. Transects on the outer slope (19m depth) showed strongly degraded corals with cover of only 25% in 1999, whereas it had been 54% in 1998. This area was probably impacted by the EAL airline crash, leading to much coral death. Itsamia Site: Here there are 376 people in over 80 families, including 39 fishing families, with agriculture as the main economic activity, and fishing is not well developed, although many people fish and glean reefs at low tides. There is an ecotourism resort as part of the Moheli Marine Park, with nesting turtles and seabirds, and an excellent coral reef (12 o 21’S; 43 o 52’E). The discontinuous reef at Itsamia has suffered huge anthropogenic damage, with the dominant branching and tabulate Acropora corals either broken or bleached, however, other hard corals (Platygyra, Diploria, Favia and Porites) are abundant. Estimated living coral cover is 40%, with 45% dead coral, and 10% algae. Most of the dead corals had been bleached and were covered with algae. Among the living corals, there was 50% Porites, 20% Diploria; 5% Pavona, 2% Favites and 19% of 4 Acropora species. At 10m depth below most human impacts, there was about 70% live coral cover mainly Porites (32.6%) and Favites (16.5%); dead coral covered 15%, algae 18.4% and rock 13%. Fish populations were fairly good, including parrotfish, grouper, butterflyfish, angelfish and damselfish, but most fish were small, indicating intensive fishing pressure. 78
Status of Coral Reefs of the Southern Indian Ocean Nioumachouoi Site: The 5 small islands (Mea, Ouenefou, M’bouzi, Chandzi and Canzoni) and 3 large rocks (M’foro, M’bougo and Magnougni) were examined during exploratory snorkelling. Canzoni is remote and has been severely damaged by blast fishing and trampling by fishermen over the reef flat, and turtles have been poached. The outer slope of Candzoni is more protected, but there are still signs of dynamite use. Coral diversity is high with abundant Acropora and Porites, plus Favites and Favia. Living coral cover averaged 50% over large areas, with many giant clams (Tridacna) and other molluscs, and diverse fish populations. The reef flat transect at 5m depth over a well-preserved site had 55% live coral cover, mainly Porites, Montipora and Pocillopora, and 39% dead coral cover which was mostly acroporids that had died during the 1998 bleaching. The outer slope had 67% dead coral cover, mostly Acroporidae, which had been bleached. Live coral cover was no more than 10%, mainly Porites, Fungia and Pocilopora, and 11% algal cover. Evidence of high anthropogenic pressure was clear on this site (blast fishing, boat anchoring), explaining its poor condition. 79
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Over the past few years, I
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CONTENTS COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERR
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories T
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON T
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Executive Summary CORAL BLEACHING I
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Executive Summary South Asia Most r
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Executive Summary parts of Fiji and
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Executive Summary management and mo
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Executive Summary tourism developme
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Executive Summary problem is loomin
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs of East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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11. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST AND CENTRAL
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Status of Southeast and Central Pac
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12. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AMERIC
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Status of Coral Reefs of American S
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AGRRA AIMS ASEAN B
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

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