Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2000 NATIONAL AND OTHER REGIONAL REPORTS Kemp, J. Hatton, J.C. and Sosovele, H. 2000. East African Marine Ecoregion Reconnaissance Reports, Vols 1-4. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Motta, H., Rodrigues, M-J. and Schleyer, M. 2000. Coral Reef Monitoring and Management In Mozambique. Ministry for the Co-ordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA), Maputo, Mozambique. Muhando, C.A. and Mohammed, M.S. 2000. Status Of Coral Reefs Of Tanzania. Institute of Marine Sciences, P.O. Box 668 Zanzibar, Tanzania. Obura, D., Uku, J.N., Wawiya, O.P., Mwachireya, S., Mdodo, R. 2000. Kenya, reef status and ecology. CORDIO-East Africa, P.O.BOX 10135, Mombasa, Kenya. Schleyer, M.H. and Celliers, L. 2000. Status Report On South African Coral Reefs. Oceanographic Research Institute, P.O. Box 10712, Marine Parade 4056, Durban. McClanahan, T. R., Sheppard, C.R., Obura, D.O. (eds) 2000. Coral reefs of the Indian Ocean: Their ecology and conservation. Oxford University Press, N.Y. McClanahan, T. R., Muthiga, N.A., Mangi, S. 1999. The status of the coral reefs of Kenya's MPAs: 1987 to 1999. Coral Reef Conservation Project and Kenya Wildlife Service. P. O. Box 82144 Kenya. ADDITIONAL NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS NOT MENTIONED IN THE TEXT FROM WHICH FURTHER SOURCE MATERIAL CAN BE OBTAINED • Coast Environment Research Station (Moi University, Kenya) • Coral Reef Conservation Project (Kenya) • University of Edouardo Mondlane (Mozambique), Fisheries Research Institute (Mozambique), • Frontier-Tanzania (Tanzania) 76
5. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF THE SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN: THE INDIAN OCEAN COMMISSION NODE FOR COMOROS, MADAGASCAR, MAURITIUS, REUNION AND SEYCHELLES Lionel Bigot, Loic Charpy, Jean Maharavo, Fouad Abdou Rabi, Naidoo Paupiah, Riaz Aumeeruddy, Christian Villedieu and Anne Lieutaud ABSTRACT There were few baseline data on coral reef status across the 5 Indian Island nations of Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and France/La Reunion when the catastrophic 1998 El Niño associated coral bleaching and mortality hit. Just as the bleaching impacts were varied across this region, so are the condition of the reefs and how they are impacted by human activities. Reefs off the large island of Madagascar show distinct signs of human damage, with few reefs in good condition and even fewer protected. Likewise there is evidence of damage from the land to reefs on Mauritius and Reunion, but there are more efforts to conserve the reefs in protected areas; bleaching on these three countries was relatively minor. Prior to the 1998 bleaching, the reefs of Comoros and the Seychelles were in good to excellent condition except for some damage near centres of population and some over-fishing. But bleaching devastated these reefs with large scale mortalities leaving many reefs with less than 5% coral cover (down from levels over 50%). The 1998 bleaching event occurred just when the Regional Environmental Programme of the Indian Ocean Commission (REP-IOC) was establishing a coral reef monitoring programme in the Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, La Reunion and Seychelles, building on mandates already established by the IOC since its inception in 1982 for regional cooperation in economic, social and cultural fields. The REP-IOC programme aims to support national policies on Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) for long-term sustainable development of the region’s coral reefs for future generations, including the establishment of permanent monitoring stations (of which there are now 44) in the 5 countries. INTRODUCTION The 5 IOC member states have large areas of coral reefs, therefore a unifying theme was the need to develop ‘reef status monitoring’ within a regional network. All countries are experiencing extremely strong human growth pressures that are resulting in reef deterioration and losses in reef resources that will have severe economic losses in fisheries, tourism, and shoreline protection, as well as losses in biodiversity heritage. Through REP- IOC, a regional reef network was fully endorsed by April 1998 to assist local, national or 77
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Over the past few years, I
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CONTENTS COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERR
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories T
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON T
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Executive Summary CORAL BLEACHING I
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Executive Summary South Asia Most r
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Executive Summary parts of Fiji and
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Executive Summary management and mo
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Executive Summary tourism developme
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Executive Summary problem is loomin
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs of East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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11. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST AND CENTRAL
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Status of Southeast and Central Pac
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12. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AMERIC
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Status of Coral Reefs of American S
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AGRRA AIMS ASEAN B
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