Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2000
Tanzania
There is only one national MPA, Mafia Island Marine Park, which is managed through the
Tanzania Marine Parks and Reserves Board of Trustees, and has technical assistance from
WWF. There are a number of local government/community-based MPA cooperatives at
Tanga, Misali Island (Pemba), Maziwi Island and Menai Bay (Zanzibar). A new national MPA
is under development at Mnazi Bay with assistance from Frontier-Tanzania. One private
MPA exists, the Chumbe Island Coral Reef Park (Zanzibar), which is run by a local tourist
operation. The total coastline length under protection has not been estimated, but is
thought to be relatively low.
Mozambique
There are two MPAs: the Bazaruto National Park, under the Direcçao Nacional de Florestas e
Fauna Bravia (DNFFB) with assistance from WWF, and the Iñhaca and Portuguese Islands
Biological Reserve (Maputo), under the University of Edouardo Mondlane. The proportion
of coastline covered is under 1%, although proposals for a number of new conservation
areas exist, for example the Quirimbas Archipelago, Mozambique Island, Primeiros and
Segundas Islands, and Ponto de Ouro.
South Africa
South Africa has one centrally managed MPA, the St. Lucia and Maputaland Marine
Reserves, under the KwaZulu-Natal Conservation Service, and one user-management area,
Aliwal Shoal in which managed zones cover all of the coral reef area.
GOVERNMENT LAWS AND POLICIES FOR CORAL REEFS
East African countries have a history of sectoral policies and legislation that relates to
different ministries and government bodies (such as water resources, land, shipping,
fisheries, forestry, etc.), which collectively have direct and indirect impacts on coral reefs,
e.g. imprecise information and poor enforcement has generally resulted in reef degradation
from human activities. Recently, policy and legislation fostering environmental impact
assessments and integrated coastal zone management have attempted to bridge the gaps
among the sectoral groups with varying degrees of success. Highlights include the
establishment of the Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA) in
Mozambique and the revamping of the National Environment Management Council (NEMC)
in Tanzania. Kenya passed an Environment Bill through Parliament in 2000 that should lead
to similar multi-sectoral approaches to coastal environment issues. MICOA has drafted a
National Coral Reef Management Plan for Mozambique.
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