Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2000 This report is a tremendous example of what partnerships can do to protect and sustain coral reefs worldwide. This historic document brings together scientific information from around the world to provide the most comprehensive status report to date on the health of the world’s coral reefs. The report is made possible by the efforts of nations, communities and individuals from all over the world to monitor the health of coral reef ecosystems. Without these monitoring programs, this report would not be possible, and we would be severely limited in our ability to address the coral reef crisis. And these efforts are just the beginning. We need more monitoring, research, management and education to adequately track, and improve, the health of coral reefs around the world. This report documents the continuing and disturbing decline in the health of the coral reefs worldwide, which was initially expounded in the first report from the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network in 1998. Unfortunately, the report provides powerful new evidence that coral reefs continue to be destroyed and degraded in many areas, threatening the very existence of these valuable resources. Now the question is: what are we willing to do about it? I am very pleased that the United States has been able to join with so many international partners in efforts to protect coral reef ecosystems. I sincerely commend the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI), the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN), the sponsors of this report, and all those who have supported efforts to monitor, manage and conserve the world’s reefs. The children of tomorrow have the right to experience the beauty and wonder of coral reef ecosystems. I call on all of us – nations, societies and individuals – to act now to reduce the threats to these remarkable ecosystems. We must ensure that this report marks the beginning of a powerful new age of coral reef protection, not the sad ending to their very existence. Al Gore Vice President United States of America iv
CONTENTS COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 Clive Wilkinson 1. THE 1997-98 MASS CORAL BLEACHING AND MORTALITY EVENT: 2 YEARS ON Clive Wilkinson 21 2. REGIONAL STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE RED SEA AND THE GULF OF ADEN Nicolas Pilcher and Abdullah Alsuhaibany 35 3. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE ARABIAN/PERSIAN GULF AND ARABIAN SEA REGION (MIDDLE EAST) Nicolas J. Pilcher, Simon Wilson, Shaker H. Alhazeem and Mohammad Reza Shokri 55 4. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AFRICA: KENYA, MOZAMBIQUE, SOUTH AFRICA AND TANZANIA David Obura, Mohammed Suleiman, Helena Motta, and Michael Schleyer 65 5. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF THE SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN: THE INDIAN OCEAN COMMISSION NODE FOR COMOROS, MADAGASCAR, MAURITIUS, REUNION AND SEYCHELLES Lionel Bigot, Loic Charpy, Jean Maharavo, Fouad Abdou Rabi, Naidoo Ppaupiah, Riaz Aumeeruddy, Christian Viledieu and Anne Lieutaud 77 6. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTH ASIA: BANGLADESH, INDIA, MALDIVES AND SRI LANKA Arjan Rajasuriya, Hussein Zahir, E.V. Muley, B.R. Subramanian, K. Venkataraman, M.V.M. Wafar, S.M. Munjurul, Hannan Khan and Emma Whittingham 95 7. SOUTHEAST ASIAN REEFS - STATUS UPDATE: CAMBODIA, INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, PHILIPPINES, SINGAPORE, THAILAND AND VIETNAM Loke Ming Chou 117 8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF EAST AND NORTH ASIA: CHINA, JAPAN AND TAIWAN Shuichi Fujiwara, Takuro Shibuno, K. Mito, Tatsuo Nakai, Yasunori Sasaki, Dai Chang-feng and Chen Gang 131 9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRALASIA: AUSTRALIA AND PAPUA NEW GUINEA Thomas Maniwavie, Hugh Sweatman, Paul Marshall, Phil Munday and Vagi Rei 141 VII xi v
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Page 3: FOREWORD Over the past few years, I
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6. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTH A
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Status of Coral Reefs in South Asia
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs of East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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11. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST AND CENTRAL
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Status of Southeast and Central Pac
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12. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AMERIC
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Status of Coral Reefs of American S
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AGRRA AIMS ASEAN B
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