Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2000 CONSERVATIONOFTHEMBRS The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS) has been recognised as one of WWF’s Global 200 ecoregions with outstanding biodiversity, whose protection is vital for the conservation of global biodiversity. The MBRS also offers numerous benefits for coastal inhabitants and visitors including subsistence, recreational, and commercial fishing, tourism, snorkeling and diving, as well as providing structural protection against storms and erosion. Yet years of indiscriminate and unsustainable use, such as unregulated coastal development and over-exploitation of fishery resources, now threatens the balance of this unique ecosystem. Recognising the ecological, aesthetic, cultural, and economic value of the MBRS, the Presidents of Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras and the Prime Minister of Belize, signed the Tulum Declaration in June 1997, launching the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef Initiative (MBRI). The primary objective is to promote the conservation and sustainable use of the MBRS and to ensure its continued contribution to the ecological health of the region and the livelihood of present and future generations. An Action Plan for the MBRS was developed at the formation of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef Congress in November 1997, which was jointly organised by the Central American Commission for Environment and Development (CCAD), the World Bank, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). With support from Global Environment Facility and World Bank, a regional strategy to protect the MBRS is currently being prepared based on actions to: • Integrate policies and legislation to strengthen coordination at the regional level; • Promote conservation; • Promote sustainable use; • Broaden environmental education and awareness; • Develop a regionally compatible ecosystem/biodiversity monitoring program and information Since the signing of the Declaration in 1997, significant steps have been made towards developing a regional conservation strategy to ensure the integrity and future management of the MBRS including: • 1st and 2nd MBRS Regional Project Preparation Workshops (July & September 1999 in Honduras and Belize) • Status of the MBRS: Impacts of Hurricane Mitch and 1998 Bleaching on Coral Reefs Report • Threat and Root Cause Analysis Report • Guidelines for Developing a Regional Monitoring and Environmental Information System Report • Sustainable Fisheries Management Report • Establishment and Management of Marine Protected Areas Report 304
Status of Coral Reefs of Northern Central America • Environmental Education and Public Awareness Report • Harmonisation of Policies and Legislation and its Implications for the MBRS Report AGRRA Capacity Building for Science and Management in the MBRS, Workshop 1999 WWF Report on Preliminary Meeting of Experts (June 1999, Belize City) WWF/RSMAS- Development of a regional GIS database for MBRS WWF/CCAD Workshop: Ecoregion Planning: Ecological vision & conservation priorities (April 2000) Several other efforts are progressing at all levels (grassroots, national, regional, and international) to address the threats endangering the MBRS. Other organisations involved in the MBRS initiative and conservation in the entire NCA region include Food and Agricultural Health Organisation, World Wildlife Fund for Nature (Conservation of the MBRS Ecoregion), PROARCA-COSATAS/USAID (Regional Environmental Project for Central America), The Nature Conservancy, University of Rhode Island/Coastal Resource Center (URI/CRC), AGRRA, CARICOMP, UNEP, GCRMN, UNDP, GTZ, USAID, DANIDA, and Inter-American Development Bank. Contact: Marea Hatziolos The World Bank, Mhatziolos@worldbank.org. Country #of Marine Approximate size Comments Protected of protected Areas areas (km 2 ) Mexico 44 (marine & >40,000 Most recent MPA is Xcalak, Yucatancoastal) a community based marine reserve (2000) and Puerto Morelos (2000) Belize 12 (marine) >2117.5 Most recent MPA is Gladden Spit, one of the largest spawning aggregation areas for snappers, groupers (2000). Guatemala 4 170 Established the first Manatee Protected Area. Honduras 25 4300 Cayos Cochinos Biological Reserve (government and NGO support) and Sandy Bay Reserve (NGO based). Nicaragua 4 1200 Miskito Cay Marine Reservecommunity based MPA. El Salvador 2 52 Total 91 >47,739 A summary of Marine and Coastal Protected areas in North Central America 305
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Over the past few years, I
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CONTENTS COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERR
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories T
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON T
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Executive Summary CORAL BLEACHING I
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Executive Summary South Asia Most r
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Executive Summary parts of Fiji and
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Executive Summary management and mo
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Executive Summary tourism developme
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Executive Summary problem is loomin
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6. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTH A
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Status of Coral Reefs in South Asia
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs of East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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11. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST AND CENTRAL
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Status of Southeast and Central Pac
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12. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AMERIC
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Status of Coral Reefs of American S
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AGRRA AIMS ASEAN B
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

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