Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2000 recreational use and development which might ‘facilitate enjoyment by the public of the natural setting of the area’ (including marinas) is permitted. There are 4 Sanctuaries, 5 Nature Reserves and 10 National Parks, which are wholly or partly marine. From the West, they are: West Caicos West Caicos Marine National Park (4km 2 ) Providenciales Princess Alexandra Land and Sea National Park (26km 2 ) Northwest Point Marine National Park (10km 2 ) Pigeon Pond and Frenchman’s Creek Nature Reserve (24km 2 ) Chalk Sound National Park (15km 2 ) Fort George Land and Sea National Park (5km 2 ) North Caicos East Bay Islands National Park (35km 2 ) Three Mary Cays Sanctuary (0.13km 2 ) Middle Caicos North, Middle and East Caicos Nature Reserve (International Ramsar Site; 540 km 2 ) Vine Point (Man O’ War Bush) and Ocean Hole Nature Reserve (8km 2 ) South Caicos Admiral Cockburn Land and Sea National Park (5km 2 ) Admiral Cockburn Nature Reserve (4km 2 ) Bell Sound Nature Reserve (11km 2 ) French, Bush and Seal Cays Sanctuary (0.2km 2 ) Grand Turk Columbus Landfall Marine National Park (5km 2 ) South Creek National Park (0.75km 2 ) Grand Turk Cays Land and Sea National Park (1.6km 2 ) Long Cay Sanctuary (0.8km 2 ) Big Sand Cay Sanctuary (1.5km 2 Management plans have been prepared for the 2 of the marine parks in Providenciales and that in West Caicos, by the Coastal Resources Management Project. This is expected to evolve into the National Parks Service in late 2000, and to assume responsibility for all protected areas, except for those leased to the National Trust. There is no active management of most of the protected areas outside of Providenciales. 276
Status of Coral Reefs in the Northern Caribbean and Western Atlantic GOVERNMENT LEGISLATION AND POLICY ON REEF CONSERVATION Bahamas There are 3 main government and non-government bodies responsible for coral reef resource protection and conservation in the Bahamas: • The Bahamas Environment Science and Technology (BEST) Commission is responsible for the development of legislation to protect the environment and issue permits for development; • The Department of Fisheries, within the Ministry of Commerce, Agriculture and Fisheries is aggressively taking responsibility not only for fisheries management, but also the establishment of marine fisheries reserves and coral reef monitoring programmes. It has a staff of 43, employing the greatest number of marine and fisheries scientists in the country, and participates in regional programmes such as CPACC; and • The Bahamas National Trust, an NGO, was mandated, under the National Trust Act of 1959, with the responsibility and legal authority to manage the national parks of the country. The Government supports the park system through specific enforcement responsibilities carried out by the Bahamian Defense Force. Bermuda The management of marine resources is highly conservative and is mostly administered by the Ministry of the Environment through the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries. A comprehensive Green Paper on the Fishing Industry and Marine Environment in Bermuda in 2000 involved widespread public discussion and specialised working groups. The Marine Resources Board (a body advising the Minister on marine environmental matters) will recommend to the Minister revamped schemes for fishing licenses, more protection for corals, better management of sustainable resources, and improved concern for shoreline and coastal development, all with some strength in law. It is likely that the ensuing White Paper for proposed legislative initiatives (due in early 2001) will be a model for sustainable marine resource management for the region. Cayman Islands The Marine Conservation Law, passed in 1978, created the framework for marine conservation in Cayman. Cuba Since the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment was created in 1994, environmental legislation has improved, including a Decree-law on Protected Areas (1999) facilitating the protection of coral reefs. There is collaboration between this Ministry, the Ministry of Fishery Industry, and the Ministry of Tourism in the development of protected areas, being a major step towards integrated coastal management. Dominican Republic An Environmental Law has only recently (August, 2000) been approved by Congress. Meanwhile, environmental legislation consists of over 300 environmental decrees, regulations and orders, administered by a large number of organisations. The newly formed 277
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FOREWORD Over the past few years, I
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CONTENTS COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERR
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories T
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON T
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Executive Summary CORAL BLEACHING I
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Executive Summary South Asia Most r
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Executive Summary parts of Fiji and
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Executive Summary management and mo
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Executive Summary tourism developme
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Executive Summary problem is loomin
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6. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTH A
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Status of Coral Reefs in South Asia
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs of East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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11. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST AND CENTRAL
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Status of Southeast and Central Pac
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12. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AMERIC
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Status of Coral Reefs of American S
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AGRRA AIMS ASEAN B
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