Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2000 Haiti Most fishing is artisanal but stocks are depleted because of inappropriate methods. Aquarium fish exporters have recently decreased from 5 to 2. Jamaica An artisanal fishery operates from over 200 fishing beaches around the island and the Kingston Fisheries Terminal. The larger catch is made from the south coast, which has access to a wide island shelf and to Pedro and other banks, whereas the north coast shelf is narrow (
Status of Coral Reefs in the Northern Caribbean and Western Atlantic Cayman Islands There are about 40,000 locals, along with 1.4 million tourists per year, 40% of whom go diving. Current anthropogenic threats derive mostly from large recent increases in population and economic development in the absence of any growth management plans or coastal area management policies. They include: dredging and filling of wetlands; coastal engineering projects; anchoring of cruise ships; and over-use of dive sites, in many cases exceeding 15,000 dives per year. Cuba The population is about 11 million, which has lead to extensive deforestation of watersheds since colonial times and land-based sedimentation which affects about 20% of the fringing reefs. Other continuing land-based sources of reef pollution include sugar mills, human settlements, cattle farms, yeast plants, and food and beverage processing factories. Commercial, subsistence and illegal fishing pressures continue. There is a small but growing tourist diving industry. Dominican Republic Increasing human population, now 8.7 million, and economic development underlie much of the stress on coastal ecosystems, through sedimentation, sewage and other terrestrial pollution from agriculture, mining, industry, shipping and tourism. Coastal habitats have been destroyed for tourism, not only in construction but misguided reconditioning of beaches causing more sediment damage. Over-fishing of reef resources is still a problem. New proposals for transhipment ports would require the destruction of reefs by dredging. Haiti There is little economic development for 7.5 million people but much artisanal activity. There are, however, increasing threats from near-shore road construction, sedimentation, pollution and over-fishing. There are no encouraging signs for the foreseeable future. Jamaica The population of 2.8 million is increasing, unemployment is high and the cost of living rising, therefore more people seek food and income by fishing, especially on the very accessible northern shelf. Rivers carry considerable runoff of suspended sediment, resulting from hillside clearance, and sewage pollution. Excess nitrogen is also channelled to the sea underground in the widespread limestone formations. The rapid growth of facilities for coastal tourism (about 1.5 million visitors per year) has also contributed to terrestrial runoff. There are proposals to site new industrial developments, including a transhipment port, in coastal areas. Turks and Caicos Islands There are 23,000 people with 73% on Providenciales (90km 2 ). The major human threats to coral reefs include: nutrient discharge from marinas and coastal development, fish processing plants, conch aquaculture and hotel sewage; heavy metal contamination from anti-fouling paints; damage to corals caused by snorkelers and divers; anchoring on coral reefs and seagrass beds; boat groundings; construction of tourism infrastructure and private jetties in the nearshore environment; uncontrolled fishing in the marine parks; and increasing visitor use of selected marine areas. 271
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FOREWORD Over the past few years, I
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CONTENTS COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERR
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories T
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON T
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Executive Summary CORAL BLEACHING I
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Executive Summary South Asia Most r
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Executive Summary parts of Fiji and
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Executive Summary management and mo
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Executive Summary tourism developme
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Executive Summary problem is loomin
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6. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTH A
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Status of Coral Reefs in South Asia
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs of East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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11. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST AND CENTRAL
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Status of Southeast and Central Pac
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12. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AMERIC
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Status of Coral Reefs of American S
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AGRRA AIMS ASEAN B
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