Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2000 No. islands, islets & Land Area EEZ Mangrove Reef Type coral cays (km2) (km2) Area (ha) Fiji (1,000) 18,500 1,290,000 35,000 barrier, fringing, atoll, platform Nauru (1) 21 430,000 fringing New Caledonia 4 18,585 1,740,000 20,000 barrier, fringing, (Main Islands) atoll, platform Samoa (16) 2,935 120,000 ~100 fringing Solomon Islands 28,370 1,340,000 52,000 barrier, fringing, (1,000) atoll Tuvalu (9) 26 900,000
Status of Coral Reefs in the Southwest Pacific Population Population Per capita Population (increase %) per km2 GDP in US$ Distribution Fiji 775,077 (2.0) 42 2,118 15% (Suva) Nauru 12,460 (2.9) 593 17,486 N/A New Caledonia 193,386 (2.0) 10 12,753 60% (Noumea) Samoa 170,000 (0.5) 58 1,018 20% (Apia) Solomon Ids 408,358 (3.4) 14 739 High (Honiara) Tuvalu 10,144 (1.7) 390 7,053 40% (Funafuti) Vanuatu 177,400 (2.8) 15 1,309 25% (Port Vila & Louganville) Basic demographic and economic data for countries in the Southwest Pacific. need became particularly evident in early 2000 when large-scale coral bleaching affected many of the coral reefs in the region, but there was little information on the condition of the reefs beforehand to determine the scope and scale of this bleaching event. Hopefully better monitoring will be in place to document and compare any future bleaching events, as well as other stresses. REEFS AND PEOPLES IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC ISLANDS The reefs and islands in the 7 southwest Pacific countries and states vary from tiny atolls to large, high islands with all coral reef types. The smallest nation is Nauru, a single island of 21km 2 with a fringing reef of 7.4km 2 . The largest country is the Solomon Islands which has 28,370km 2 of land area an extensive EEZ. New Caledonia consists of a large continental island (Grande Terre) surrounded by one of the longest barrier reefs in the world enclosing one of the region’s largest lagoons. Most of Fiji, Solomon Islands, Samoa and Vanuatu are high volcanic islands, whereas Nauru is a raised calcareous platform and Tuvalu is comprised of a series of atolls. There are more than 2,100 islands, islets and cays, almost all with coral reefs. Together, these countries control large Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) totalling over 6.0 million km 2 . Therefore oceanic fisheries (especially tuna) are a primary foreign exchange earning source for most of these countries. Most of these southwest Pacific countries have large concentrations of people clustered into a few urban centres, with the remainder living in rural, remote, coastal communities. Population densities in Nauru and Tuvalu are among the highest in the world. New Caledonia has a large expatriate population in the urban area of Noumea. The GDP of most countries is mostly very low. Population growth rates are very high and there is a heavy reliance on reef resources for food security. These countries include a diversity of cultural groups: Polynesian (Samoa, Tuvalu), Micronesian (Nauru) and Melanesian peoples (Fiji, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia). Fiji is a mixture of Melanesian and Polynesian people, with a large Indo-Fijian population (40% of total). Collectively more than 100 languages are spoken throughout the region. 161
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FOREWORD Over the past few years, I
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CONTENTS COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERR
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories T
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON T
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Executive Summary CORAL BLEACHING I
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Executive Summary South Asia Most r
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Executive Summary parts of Fiji and
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Executive Summary management and mo
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Executive Summary tourism developme
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Executive Summary problem is loomin
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6. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTH A
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Status of Coral Reefs in South Asia
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Status of Coral Reefs of American S
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AGRRA AIMS ASEAN B
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