Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2000 to alter the fish populations on coral reefs by selectively targeting key predator species, such as groupers and snappers. Such changes conflict with the aesthetic values requested by the international tourism market and this will require management attention; and • The GBR is relatively well studied. Major pressures are identified as fishing (trawling and line fishing) and changing water quality due to the development of agriculture in the catchments of rivers that flow into GBR waters. Major research programmes investigating these impacts are in progress, coordinated by the CRC for the GBR World Heritage Area. Their findings need to be included in future management plans. SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS AND CONTACTS Wachenfeld DR, Oliver JK, Morrisey JI (ed) 1998 State of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area 1998. GBRMPA Townsville 139 pp. [available on the web or contact: davidwa@gbrmpa.gov.au) Sweatman H, Cheal A., Coleman G, Fitzpatrick B, Miller I, Ninio R, Osborne K, Page C, Ryan D, Thompson A, Tomkins P (2000) Long-Term Monitoring Of The Great Barrier Reef. Status Report Number 4. Australian Institute Of Marine Science, Townsville 127 pp. [available on the web or contact: h.sweatman@aims.gov.au] Caton A, McLoughlin K (eds) (2000) Fishery Status Reports 1999: Resource Assessments of Australian Commonwealth Fisheries. Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra. USEFUL WEB ADDRESSES FOR FURTHER INFORMATION OR COPIES OF THESE REPORTS: www.environment.gov.au – Environment Australia www.gbrmpa.gov.au – Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority www.aims.gov.au – AIMS www.calm.wa.gov.au - WA Dept of Conservation and Land Management www.nt.gov.au/paw/ - Parks & wildlife commission of NT www.brs.gov.au/fish/ - Bureau of Rural Sciences, Fisheries and Forestry Sciences Division Thomas Maniwavie is at the Motupure marine station of the University of Papua New Guinea (motupore@upng.ac.pg), Hugh Sweatman leads the Long Term Monitoring Program at AIMS (h.sweatman@aims.gov.au), Paul Marshall manages research and monitoring projects at the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (p.marshall@gbrmpa.gov.au), Phil Munday conducts research on fishes of PNG from James Cook University (Philip.Munday@jcu.edu.au), and Vagi Rei works with The Nature Conservancy in PNG. 158
10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC: FIJI, NAURU, NEW CALEDONIA, SAMOA, SOLOMON ISLANDS, TUVALU AND VANUATU ROBIN SOUTH AND POSA SKELTON ABSTRACT The IOI-Pacific Islands GCRMN Node covers 7 Pacific Island countries including: Fiji, Nauru, New Caledonia, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu, which together have over 2100 islands and islets. Collectively these countries illustrate a wide range of island and reef biogeographies, including: high and low lying islands; atolls with fringing, barrier, submerged, platform, oceanic ribbon, and near atoll formations. The diversity of marine species declines eastwards from the Indo-Pacific centre of concentration. Finfishes decline from 1168 species in Fiji to 991 in Samoa and just over 400 in Tuvalu. Marine benthic algal species decrease in number from 422 in Fiji to 287 in Samoa and 40 in Nauru. Extinct species include the giant clams: Tridacna maxima and Hippopus hippopus from Nauru and Samoa respectively. Endangered species include: marine turtles, giant tritons, mangrove crabs, bêche-de-mer, trochus and turban shells, and highly targeted reef fishes. Coral reefs are in good condition in most countries, although significantly degraded in urban areas. The reefs are becoming increasingly vulnerable from over-fishing, pollution, sedimentation, environmentally un-sound development, crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks and habitat loss. Climatic factors such as cyclones, sea level rise, coral bleaching (such as the early 2000 bleaching event in Fiji) are real or potential threats. Effective long-term monitoring of biotic reef systems is not in place, although the development of marine protected areas has been implemented in Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu, and identified in Fiji and Nauru. Only New Caledonia has active monitoring, having established 18 stations since 1997. There is a need for integrated coral reef management within a broader context of coastal and island resources management. Basic technical knowledge exists in most government departments, but there remains a need for more trained biologists, taxonomists, ecologists and managers in all countries at local and national levels. INTRODUCTION All of these countries of this South West Pacific region were assisted by the International Ocean Institute of the University of the South Pacific in Fiji to produce this report. The first stage was a series of reports presented by national experts of these countries at the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) Regional Symposium on Coral Reefs recently held in Noumea, New Caledonia during May 2000. These countries have now formed a GCRMN Node to address the gaps that have been outlined in this report, in particular the lack of monitoring capacity and support to assess the status of coral reefs in these countries. This 159
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FOREWORD Over the past few years, I
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CONTENTS COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERR
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories T
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON T
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Executive Summary CORAL BLEACHING I
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Executive Summary South Asia Most r
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Executive Summary parts of Fiji and
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Executive Summary management and mo
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Executive Summary tourism developme
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Executive Summary problem is loomin
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6. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTH A
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Status of Coral Reefs in South Asia
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Status of Coral Reefs of American S
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AGRRA AIMS ASEAN B
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

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