Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2000 sustainable low impact aquaculture of valuable species low on the food chain, and training in coastal management. ICLARM places great importance on regular monitoring and the dissemination of status reports, and has developed ReefBase as a repository for data and information on coral reefs as a key link for the GCRMN. ICLARM relies on information generated by the GCRMN to identify reefs that are not yielding potential harvests, and the causes for declines. ICLARM will continue to work with the partners in expanding global monitoring and making the data accessible through ReefBase. Environmental monitoring is fundamental to informed management and policy making, and it also functions to raise public consciousness on conservation. The research priorities at the Australian Institute of Marine Science recognise the importance of monitoring the status of reefs in Australia and the region for two decades, and significant monitoring programmes on the Great Barrier Reef and on Western Australian reefs are maintained. Also considerable scientific effort has gone into developing and formalising monitoring techniques, with the Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources (English et al. 1997 in suggested reading) as a major product that the GCRMN has adopted as a recommended set of methods. Many coral reefs of the world are under greater pressures than those in Australia, and the GCRMN enhances the value of AIMS efforts by putting this monitoring in a global context and broadening the application methods to reefs worldwide. Since the last report, the GCRMN and Reef Check have formed a strong strategic partnership, with the GCRMN focussing on implementing monitoring in nations and states, whereas Reef Check assists communities and volunteers establish monitoring projects. This is facilitated because similar methods are used and the protocols recommend that training start with Reef Check methods and then progress to more detailed GCRMN methods. This report demonstrates that there has been progress in implementing global monitoring networks and providing sound information on the status of reefs of the world. But a close examination will show that there are large regions of the world where the baseline data are insufficient to determine the status of many coral reefs. This was particularly evident after 1997-98 when it was not possible to determine the impacts of a major bleaching event because of a lack of such baseline data. Monitoring now has a new role. In places where the reefs were laid bare and lost much of the previous coral cover, there is a need to first assess what are the probable losses of coral cover, and then determine the amount and extent of any recovery, either through the settlement of new corals or regrowth of the few survivors. A lack of recovery will indicate to reef managers that factors preventing recovery must be removed, or rehabilitation must be considered. Coral reef monitoring should never exist on its own – ‘monitoring for monitoring sake’. It should always be a component of coral reef management, providing the data to determine suitable areas for protection and then assist management by assessing effectiveness of management decisions. This will enable resource managers to continually adjust regulations to ensure maximum sustainability without excessive interference in the lives of local communities. Therefore, there is a need to enhance this network in those areas where monitoring is progressing, and introduce monitoring into areas without effective coverage. Moreover, it is essential that the process of monitoring be made sustainable with adequate financial and 4
Introduction personnel resources. The monitoring programmes should soon become routine tasks for governments and communities to assess their coral reefs as part of wider state of the environment monitoring. This will require continued coordination, which must come from the regions to be fully effective and sustainable. Patricio Bernal Executive Secretary, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Klaus Töpfer United Nations Under-Secretary General and Executive Director, United Nations Environment Programme John Waugh Marine Programme Coordinator, IUCN – The World Conservation Union Robert Watson Chief Scientist, The World Bank John Bell Acting Director, Australian Institute of Marine Science Meryl Williams, Director General, ICLARM – The World Fish Center 5
Page 1 and 2: Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
Page 3 and 4: FOREWORD Over the past few years, I
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERR
Page 7 and 8: COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
Page 9: Countries, States and Territories T
Page 19 and 20: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON T
Page 21 and 22: Executive Summary CORAL BLEACHING I
Page 23 and 24: Executive Summary South Asia Most r
Page 25 and 26: Executive Summary parts of Fiji and
Page 27 and 28: Executive Summary management and mo
Page 29 and 30: Executive Summary tourism developme
Page 31: Executive Summary problem is loomin
Page 66 and 67:
Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 107 and 108:
6. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTH A
Page 109 and 110:
Status of Coral Reefs in South Asia
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 143 and 144:
8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF EAST AN
Page 145 and 146:
Status of Coral Reefs of East and N
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
Page 155 and 156:
Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
Page 173 and 174:
Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
11. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST AND CENTRAL
Page 195 and 196:
Status of Southeast and Central Pac
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
12. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AMERIC
Page 213 and 214:
Status of Coral Reefs of American S
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 273 and 274:
15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
Page 275 and 276:
Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 327 and 328:
17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
Page 329 and 330:
Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
Page 345 and 346:
Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
Page 363 and 364:
Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 375:
LIST OF ACRONYMS AGRRA AIMS ASEAN B
show all

Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?