Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2000 Global Environment Facility. The Government of France is thanked for assisting with Nodes in the Pacific and Indian Oceans and for global advice. Additional support has come from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, and the United Nations Foundation. Existing regional programmes throughout the world have provided essential support to help catalyse the ‘Node’ process and ensure linkages across other relevant national and regional programmes. The GCRMN is grateful for the considerable support from the regional offices of the UNEP network and similar agencies coordinated via Agneta Nilsson; specifically the Caribbean Environment Programme of UNEP in Jamaica, the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) in Samoa, the East Asian Seas Regional Coordinating Unit of UNEP in Thailand, South Asian Cooperative Environment Programme (SACEP) in Sri Lanka, the Indian Ocean Commission in Mauritius, and PERSGA, the Programme for the Environment in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden in Saudi Arabia. UNEP is now catalysing several Nodes in the Caribbean with financial and technical assistance. In addition to political and institutional support noted above, there are many sponsors throughout the world providing direct financial support for the GCRMN and Reef Check networks. A special mention is for the support from the Government of the USA, without which there would be no global coordination and no global status report in 1998 or 2000. I give special thanks to the US Department of State (through Jamie Reaser, Peter Thomas and Brooks Yeager), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (via Arthur Paterson and Charles Ehler) which have been the major supporters of the GCRMN and assisted funding central coordination, in association with the Australian Institute of Marine Science. These US agencies are partners in the US Coral Reef Task Force, which is continuing the lead role of the USA in actions across many fields to conserve coral reefs. About 30 leading scientists and resource managers assist voluntarily as members of the GCRMN Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee, and it is Edgardo Gomez who coordinates their input into the network. Special thanks are due to them and to Ed for his valuable advice and support. The GCRMN benefits greatly by being associated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science and the staff provide a wide range of day to day assistance from funds management, computer support, and library services, in addition to assistance with ongoing advice on coral reef science, monitoring and database management. I owe all staff at AIMS special thanks. Finally this book was prepared under an extremely tight schedule and would not been realised with the always professional and friendly Science Communication team at AIMS, Steve Clarke, Wendy Ellery and Liz Tynan – thanks team. Funds to print this book have come from the Government of the USA (Department of State and NOAA), SIDA of Sweden, the World Bank, the Great Barrier Reef Research Foundation and ICLARM (The World Fish Center). xii
INTRODUCTION We are pleased to support the Second Edition of the Status of Coral Reefs of the World, particularly as the target audiences are decision makers, major donors and national and international agencies who are requested to take urgent action to conserve these valuable resources. It is also targeted at the informed public, who continually put pressure on decision makers to act and devote resources for reef conservation and management. The report was written to provide an overview, without the use of scientific jargon, of the status of coral reefs and causes of reef decline, with recommendations for action by national authorities. The chapters are expanded executive summaries of the National and Regional reports that form the feedstock for this report. We refer the reader to these sources listed after each chapter for the data that support the statements made in this summary report. This second edition of the Status of Coral Reefs of the World is a major expansion and improvement on the first edition written in 1998. The improvements reflect encouraging development and maturation of the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) with National Status of Coral Reef Reports submitted by 97 authors from 86 countries or states. Many of these reports constitute baseline information for large areas of the world’s coral reefs, and are often the first summaries written by countries on the status of their reefs. When this process is repeated in 2002, these countries will be asked to look at the 2000 report and assess the progress of efforts to manage reef resources. Similar success was evident when many Pacific countries presented their first Status of Reefs Reports at the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) regional Pacific meeting in Noumea in May, 2000. The 1998 report was released at the ICRI International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Management Symposium (ITMEMS) in Townsville in November, 1998. Material for that report arose out of papers presented at the 8 th International Coral Reef Symposium in Panama City in June 1996 when leading coral reef scientists and managers were invited to present summaries at a reef status symposium organised by Clive Wilkinson and Bernard Salvat. Those summaries were updated for the GCRMN status report of 1998, which was the first review of the status of coral reefs status the ground breaking 3 volume series edited by Susan Wells for UNEP and the IUCN in 1988 (references at the back). An examination of the 1998 and this report shows that the regions and groupings of countries have changed, which reflects the development of Nodes of the GCRMN. These Nodes are groupings of countries around the world which cooperate to monitor their reefs, usually with the assistance of one country with the capacity to assist in training, monitoring and data analysis. The first Node, formed in South Asia for India, Maldives and Sri Lanka, has 1
Page 1 and 2: Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
Page 3 and 4: FOREWORD Over the past few years, I
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERR
Page 7 and 8: COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
Page 9: Countries, States and Territories T
Page 19 and 20: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON T
Page 21 and 22: Executive Summary CORAL BLEACHING I
Page 23 and 24: Executive Summary South Asia Most r
Page 25 and 26: Executive Summary parts of Fiji and
Page 27 and 28: Executive Summary management and mo
Page 29 and 30: Executive Summary tourism developme
Page 31: Executive Summary problem is loomin
Page 62 and 63:
Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 107 and 108:
6. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTH A
Page 109 and 110:
Status of Coral Reefs in South Asia
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 143 and 144:
8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF EAST AN
Page 145 and 146:
Status of Coral Reefs of East and N
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
Page 155 and 156:
Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
Page 173 and 174:
Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
11. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST AND CENTRAL
Page 195 and 196:
Status of Southeast and Central Pac
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
12. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AMERIC
Page 213 and 214:
Status of Coral Reefs of American S
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 273 and 274:
15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
Page 275 and 276:
Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 327 and 328:
17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
Page 329 and 330:
Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
Page 345 and 346:
Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
Page 363 and 364:
Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 375:
LIST OF ACRONYMS AGRRA AIMS ASEAN B
show all

Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2000

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?