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Impact strategic nr.6-7 - Centrul de Studii Strategice de Apărare şi ...

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ACTUALITATEA POLITICO-MILITARĂ<br />

the necessary forces. For a good functioning, conscription<br />

needs only a legitimate framework but the professional<br />

army has to respect the labor market conditions, being<br />

influenced by its fluctuations. The job offers in civilian<br />

field, mainly in the private one, is not in concordance with<br />

the offer while the army jobs are now safer and apparently<br />

better paid. Meantime, in this case, a significant negative<br />

influence has the <strong>de</strong>mographic factor. Usually an army<br />

needs certain population samples, the one aged between<br />

20 and 25. But on every generation 15-20% of the young<br />

people are unfit for conscription, from physical, psychical<br />

causes. From here <strong>de</strong>rive some difficulties in recruitment<br />

process. There must be taken into account the <strong>de</strong>crease of<br />

the population. We stress out the increase of the number<br />

of women in the army, as officers and NCOs especially.<br />

As western military specialists assert, “the success <strong>de</strong>pends,<br />

above all, on people”. That means in selecting<br />

and training the professional soldiers and reservists there<br />

have to be taken into consi<strong>de</strong>ration the following aspects:<br />

recruiting and maintaining in the military structures the<br />

best persons, no matter the nationality and religion; their<br />

training, motivation and the a<strong>de</strong>quate equipping so that<br />

their option for choosing a military career to be sustained<br />

with plausible arguments; establishing career routes that<br />

will offer a clear perspective on satisfying the individual<br />

professional aspirations and their families’ expectations;<br />

3) the effects on the army’s structure. The transition to a<br />

professionalized army requires some structural changes.<br />

The first one implies a <strong>de</strong>crease of land forces, one that<br />

is both a cause and an effect: cause – if conscription<br />

is eliminated, there will be a <strong>de</strong>crease in needs of the<br />

land forces and effect – the constant budgetary raise per<br />

soldier limits the theoretical level of forces and because<br />

these forces have the biggest difficulties in recruiting. A<br />

second change of the military landscape comes from the<br />

first one. Replacing people with better fight means, the<br />

land forces use a smaller number of soldiers, on strictly<br />

<strong>de</strong>fined job positions. A third effect refers to a process of<br />

aging the military population, as a result of increasing the<br />

career personnel and passing to a high technological army.<br />

A fourth change of structure refers to the increase of the<br />

proportion of the people with low salaries. These persons<br />

will easier accept the firing conditions; 4) institutional<br />

impact. The more subtle and less perceived changes are<br />

those ones referring to the military institutions. In a professional<br />

army it is likely to appear two different military<br />

categories: the combatants – consistent of <strong>de</strong>fending the<br />

military values and “technicians” that consi<strong>de</strong>r themselves<br />

more specialists than soldiers. On the other hand, the<br />

professionalized military personnel endure the family’s<br />

pressure that compares the living conditions with the ones<br />

working in the private sector; 5) the relation army-society.<br />

In time, a professionalized army may lead to a <strong>de</strong>crease in<br />

the <strong>de</strong>fense spirit of the country’s citizens, a <strong>de</strong>crease in<br />

interest for the military profession. The military service<br />

will be consi<strong>de</strong>red a profession, like many others, and<br />

extensively the military institution – being similar to any<br />

“factory”. If the service military is performed just by a<br />

part f the population, the perception on this institution<br />

will not be any longer as strongly positive as it is now.<br />

The army’s image will be strengthened by participating<br />

to external missions with some military structures as an<br />

institution with specific tasks.<br />

The professionalization of Romania’s Armed Forces,<br />

in the context of integrating in Euro-Atlantic structures,<br />

is a necessity and a sine qua non of its compatibility and<br />

interoperability with the other NATO’s member armies.<br />

The main coordinates and parameters of the process of<br />

building a national army, compatible and interoperable<br />

with the other armies from NATO are mentioned in the<br />

white papers of Romania’s Government.<br />

26 IMPACT STRATEGIC nr. 1-2/2003

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