PROVOCĂRI LA ADRESA SECURITĂŢII ŞI STRATEGIEI LA ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI XXI

- Russian Duma has not yet ratified 1990 Maritime Boundary
Agreement with the US in the Bering Sea.
Russia and the Black Sea Region - security facts
Strategic importance of the Black Sea region in the nearest future
will constantly grow [19]. The new independents states former Soviet
republics from Black Sea were confronted with separatist movements
encouraged and actively supported by Russian forces.
The Russian troops (units of the former Soviet) dislocated in these
republics provoked interethnic conflicts, then they supported the separatist
movements which were favorable to the strategic interests of Russia, and
when the conflict reached dangerous escalation they turned into
peacekeeping forces, Under the protection of Russia troops, separatist
movements emerged in Georgia (Abkhazia, South Ossetia), Republic of
Moldova (Transnistrian Moldavian Republic) and Ukraine (Crimea attempt
could not be undertaken because resorting to military violence would have
been a too dangerous venture). When the separatist reached their „minimal”
goals (self-proclaimed „republic”), the cease-fire was imposed and, in spite
of the fact that they could not obtain official recognition from international
community, they continue to maintain their „states” under the protection of
the Russian troops - now peacekeeping forces - who are separating the legal
forces of the separatists’ armed bands.
Russia is interested both in participating in the exploitation of these
and in their transportation towards Central Europe through its own pipelines
[20]. Russia has become more assertive in its relations with many of the
countries that formerly made up the Soviet Union [21]. The pressure exerted
on Georgia through the separatist regimes there, unilateral efforts to resolve
the Transnistrian conflict in Moldova and heated rhetoric directed at certain
of the Baltic States have caused concern. Also, the spat with Ukraine
involving Tuzla Island and the Kerch Strait last fall [22].
The United States recognize that Russia has significant interests in
the region. The United States has significant interests in the region, too [23].
The fulfillment of the outstanding Istanbul commitments on
Georgia and Moldova will create the conditions for Allies and other States
Parties to move forward on ratification of the Adapted CFE Treaty [24].
Turkey
The Black Sea is actually dying. Eighty per cent of the pollution in
the Black Sea comes from the Danube waterway [25].
291
The Turkish Caspian-Mediterranean oil pipeline project is widely
considered to be the most economical, secure and environmentally friendly
scheme to route Caucasian oil to Western markets.
Turkey is frontline country with its own process of domestic
democratization and modernization. In the absence of this democratization:
1) Turkey lacks the political resources necessary for a durable normalization
of relations with Greece; 2) Turkey fails to assimilate the European
standards; which condition its way out of the present ambiguity in the
relations with the EU and its so much needed integration into the European
Union; 3) Turkey cannot provide itself internal security unless it is able to
offer its own citizens (including and especially those belonging to national
minorities) a better alternative than choosing between “military democracy”
(unavoidable limited and authoritarian) and Islamic fundamentalism (with
Kurdish separatism as a sub-variant).
Figura 9 Turkey
Security problems:
Complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the
Aegean Sea.
Cyprus question remains with Greece.
Syria and Iraq protest Turkish hydrological projects to control upper
Euphrates waters.
Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq.
Border with Armenia remains closed over Nagorno-Karabakh.
292 Turkey is NATO’s membership.