PROVOCĂRI LA ADRESA SECURITĂŢII ŞI STRATEGIEI LA ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI XXI

Bulgaria
Security problems:
None.
Bulgaria is NATO’s
membership.
armed forces [10] and in establishing control over the Pankisi Gorge near
the border with Russia.
Georgia wants NATO to play a role in solving the Abkhazian and
South Ossetian conflicts on Georgian soil, and, in September 2002, its
parliament adopted a resolution claiming the goal of NATO membership.
"The United States is urging Russia and Georgia to agree on a
timetable for the withdrawal of Russian forces from their bases in Georgia."
The Russian regional policy still presents the continuing course of the
military-political dominance in the region [11]. Russian military need a
permanently explosive situation that can guarantee their permanent
dominance over the situation [12].
Figura 4 Bulgaria
Figura 5 Georgia
Georgia
Security problems:
About a third of the boundary with
Russia remains not delimited, and none of it
demarcated, with several small, strategic
segments remaining in dispute.
OSCE observers monitor volatile areas
such as the Pankisi Gorge in the Akhmeti
region and the Argun Gorge in Abkhazia.
Meshkheti Turks scattered throughout
the former Soviet Union seek to return to
Georgia.
Boundary with Armenia remains not
demarcated; Ethnic Armenian groups in
Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater
autonomy from the Georgian government.
Azerbaijan protests Georgian
construction at the Red Bridge crossing and
several other small segments of Armenia’s
boundary, which remain unresolved until
delimitation.
Georgia participates in PfP.
Abkhazia [7] and South Ossetia may prove to be a more significant
challenge. Unlike Ajaria, they declared independence in 1990s civil wars.
They consider themselves ethnically separate from the Georgian people and
have their own armed forces. Ajaria, a majority-Muslim province in
majority-Christian Georgia, never formally declared independence but
refused to pay the Georgia government taxes or customs duties generated by
its oil-exporting port of Batumi [8].
U.S. programs in Georgia [9] are involved the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan
oil and South Caspian gas pipelines. The U.S. has assisted the Georgian
285
Figura 6 Moldova
286
Moldova
Security problems:
The main part of today’s Moldova lies in
the historical region situated between the Prut and
Dnester rivers and the Black Sea coast.
In parallel-with Moldova’s process of
emancipation from the Soviet centre, from 1989
onwards protest movements in the regions with
predominantly non-Moldovan populations, i.e. in
the left bank areas and in the south of the country,
began organizing themselves to resist Moldovan
independence efforts. This resistance was mainly
motivated by the fear that Moldova, once fully
independent, would wish to reunite with Romania.
In addition, a strong tendency for the preservation
of the Soviet Union and of “Socialist values” was
present within these protest movements, in
particular among the Slav population and its
leadership in the left bank areas.
Moldova's economy is largely dependent
on energy and raw material imports from the CIS.
Although President Mircea Snegur signed the
Alma-Ata Declaration in December 1991, the
former Moldovan parliament was reluctant to ratify
the Agreement on Moldova’s membership of the
Commonwealth of Independent States, mainly due
to the opposition of the Popular Front.
On 8 April 1994, the Parliament ratified
the CIC and Economic Union Treaty by 80 votes in
favor to 18 against.
Difficulties with the Transnistria region
complicate controlling border crossing and customs
regimes with Ukraine, despite concordance on
2003 delimitation and customs protocols and
OSCE assistance.
Moldova participates in PfP.