Updating Bituminous Stabilized Materials Guidelines Mix Design Report Phase II

From Figure J.19 it can be seen that predominant mode of distress is loss of material. The
materials move along and sides of the wheel path as loss of cohesion or stiffness reduction
progresses.
Less moisture susceptible mix
Moisture susceptible mix
Loss of
material
along and
side the
wheel path
Figure J.19: Loss of material of different BSMs on wet MMLS3
trafficking after 45000 load application
Figure J.20 shows the typical failure mechanism of BSMs under wet trafficking. The comparison
made between BSM-emulsion with Hornfels-RAP and addition of active filler at fully saturation.
The BSMs with Hornfels-RAP with addition of 1% lime is relative moisture susceptible compared
to BSM-emulsion with Hornfels-RAP with addition of 1% cement. Looking at the testing
procedures, the conclusion can be drawn that the established protocol can identify and rank
BSMs in terms of moisture related damage. It is clear from the test results the use of the APT
Device (MMLS3) has potential for identification of the varying degrees of distress that BSMs
suffer under wet trafficking. From this result, a reliable correlation of the MMLS3 Device and
MIST device testing system is achievable.
A further observation on the disintegration and ravelling results, prove that cohesion loss and
stiffness reduction develop progressively. Figure J.20 shows ravelling-depth development of
BSM-emulsion of Hornfels-RAP and BSM-emulsion of Quartzites without addition of active filler.
The insight on failure mechanism of these mixes is that severe reduction of cohesion or stiffness
occurred after 1500 load application. Thereafter an exponential increase in loss of materials
occurred. However, some briquettes that spalled during cutting show an early failure, indicating
that smoothness of the test surface can influence results.
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