Research - LABA - EPFL

laba manifest
laba epfl - manifest enac- laba - august - august 2012 2012
1

Position within the discipline
laba team
Prof. Harry Gugger
Architect + Professeur ordinaire
Tél. +41 61 225 10 20
harry.gugger@epfl.ch
Goetz Menzel
Head of Teaching
Tél. +41 61 225 10 22
goetz.menzel@epfl.ch
Aurelie Blanchard
Teaching Assistant
Tél. +41 61 225 10 26
aurelie.blanchard@epfl.ch
Gwendolyn Kerschbaumer
Head Research
Tél. +41 61 225 10 24
gwendolyn.kerschbaumer@epfl.ch
Nancy Couling
Research Assistant / PhD
Tél. +41 61 225 10 23
nancy.couling@epfl.ch
Dr. Octavian Iercan
Researcher Geoinformatics
Tél. +41 61 225 10 24
octavian.iercan@epfl.ch
Juliette Fong
Head Administration
Tél. +41 61 225 10 21
juliette.fong@epfl.ch
http://laba.epfl.ch
laba manifest - august 2012
The sphere of the architect is shrinking: today architecture finds itself
in the paradoxical situation of being more popular than ever before and
getting enormous media attention, while at the same time experiencing
total decline. On the one hand architecture has become the media of many:
developers, investors, corporations and institutions and on the other hand,
most construction happens without architects. At the same time architectural
design has become more complex requiring an ever-greater number of skills
and competences taken over by a series of specialist consultants. As a result
architects also become marginalized in the design process.
To address this problem, laba has developed a design methodology ensuring
that architects continue to play a central, coordinating and integrative role in
the design process.
laba’s approach to teaching is thus strongly influenced by the context of
professional practice, meaning that students are exposed to key elements
of the profession beyond pure design. At one end of the spectrum students
are trained in territorial and urban design and are confronted with the
development of a project. On the other end of the spectrum the processing
of projects is structured according to building phases used by professional
associations and the introduction to the building process is supported through
a series of lectures on structure, façade, building service and fit out.
The aim is to offer a well-rounded education, allowing architects to understand
the design and building process in it’s entirety and to be pro-active participants
in this process.
Given the increasing global nature of the profession, laba also fosters an
international environment by working with a local partner institution and
conducting the studio in English.
Finally, laba’s name reflects its didactic and scientific orientation: it is
a laboratory, a place of applied research, dedicated to the analysis and
development of design and building processes.
1

Theme Urban nature
epfl campus - 2005/06
Havanna - 2006/07
London - 2007/08
Geneva - 2008/09
Bahrain - 2009/10
Athens - 2010/11
laba manifest - august 2012
laba’s focal theme is Urban Nature. The objective is to research the nature of
the contemporary urban environment and to equip architects for the task of
constructing sustainable solutions for these environments.
What has been the case for the ‘developed’ world since the beginning of the
20th century is currently becoming a reality for the developing world - the
majority of people will be living in an urban environment. In addition, as
agglomerations expand, so do their supporting local and global territories.
Urban agglomerations are thus leaving their mark on the majority of the
earth’s surface. Due to the scale and character of this territorial expansion,
the definition of the urban becomes more diffuse and complex.
Urban systems are per se intricate, dynamic and determined by many diverse
phenomena outside the architectural sphere. Architecture and urban design
are hence inherently interdisciplinary, touching upon for example social,
technical, aesthetic, cultural, economic, political, ecological and ethical
issues. Our discipline cannot be understood in an isolated manner, but only
within the wider context of these adjacent fields.
Architects must therefore have a good understanding of the impact of these
forces on the built environment in order to be able to respond adequately. This
usually happens through collaboration with consultants in specialized areas.
Architects are in this sense both assimilators and specialists; assimilating
the knowledge embedded in parallel disciplines and specialists in the spatial
articulation of this knowledge in architecture and urban design.
Our studio and research aims at exploring the complex context of the
architectural and urban design process through a number of national and
international study objects and subsequently, at exploring appropriate
physical expressions.
Within the larger theme of Urban Nature, we are particularly interested in
an urban morphology which makes cities more attractive and liveable. While
over 50% of the population live in urban areas, these areas are further
differentiated into specific and emerging typologies, some of which combine
both characteristically ”rural” and “urban” components. laba investigates the
contribution of urban design to understanding and improving these contexts.
Through our teaching and research, we aim to position ourselves and
participate in both the current academic and non-academic discourse on
urban design and planning.
Teaching and research on urban design is currently limited in the School of
Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC and laba sees it’s
studio and research unit as a pivotal element in expanding the academic field
of urban design within our school. The intention is to develop a larger network
of urban design and planning studios, classes and research units both within
the existing EPFL structure and in collaboration with other Universities
specifically the ETHZ and it’s Contemporary City Institute Studio Basel.
With Studio Basel laba, forms a platform to research today’s city called
“Cerberus”.
2

Current
Sea of opportunities
In the 2011/12 academic
year, laba`s investigation
on ocean territories led to
the Barents Sea, north of
Norway, in collaboration
with the Oslo School of
Architecture and Design.
Student groups developed
five Territorial Constitutions
for the Barents Sea and
went on to develop thirteen
architectural projects
exercising the articles of the
constitutions within the topic
“Exploring Infrastructure-
Living and Working in the
Barents Sea”. A 10-day
workshop to the Barents
region took place between
the two project phases.
CH2048
We will be studying a
hypothetical Switzerland
in 2048. Should growth
continue as in the past
3-5 years, the population
of a current 8 million will
increase to around 14
million, putting enormous
pressure on the existing
urban, suburban and rural
areas.
We believe that simply
continuing today’s planning
policies and practices for
the next 40 years is not an
appropriate response. It
seems to us, that a more
radical reevaluation and
proposal is needed.
CH2048 will thus be raising
fundamental questions
about how our territory is
planned and how it develops.
laba manifest - august 2012
3

Methodology overview
laba teaching
laba manifest - august 2012
Over the last 6 years, laba has developed a specific studio methodology.
Each year, an urban research laboratory location, which exemplifies a critical
and widespread urban issue, is selected. Each culturally specific location
contributes to the data-base for a comparative investigation of planning
systems across the world.
The laba methodology takes students through design scales ranging from
the territorial to the architectural, and introduces them to parallel fields of
expertise which greatly influence the urban morphology of the given context.
Equipped with this knowledge, students establish what we call an “Urban
Constitution”. This document serves as a roadmap for long term urban
development.
laba’s portfolio includes the development of particular skills required to work
in this way - the application of GIS systems to urban design, architectural
field-work and trans-disciplinary input from invited experts backed up by
specific urban research projects. In this way, the laboratory aims to enable the
architect to arrive at specific local solutions for global tasks and to strengthen
his position within the urban debate.
Based on this road map, students continue to work on a smaller scale, focusing
on the actual spatial form that the urban constitution would take. Projects
will range from specific urban design proposals to complex buildings. These
projects act as a proof of concept for the Urban Constitution.
Students share their work through frequent public presentations in order to
become proficient in this crucial skill.
The collaboration with a partner institution connected to the given study
area allows both groups to be exposed to a different cultural and academic
approach.
An annual publication exhibits the results of the studio.
4

Methodology details
ASSIGNMENTS
laba students group work
Assignments
Reviews
laba manifest - august 2012
5 X CASE STUDIES / DESIGN TEAMS
5 x design teams
The methodology is organized over two semesters.
Semester 1
In the first semester, students analyse a given urban region / territory.
The work is organized around 4 assignments. Apart from the first assignment,
all are carried out in groups with each student taking a specific place within
a matrix that has 5 physical locations in the form of case-studies on one axis
and 5 urban research themes on the second axis.
Schedule:
Week 1
MY ...
Each participating student is thus assigned a role in two different types of
groups: each student is part of a team of five designers, the design team, which
concentrates on planning and spatial conceptualization, and is concurrently
a member of a specialist group, which addresses specific design-related
research topics.
25 25 STUDENTS students 5
5
x
X
specialists
SPECIALISTS
teams
TEAMS
eastern
mediterranean
EASTERN
MEDITERRANEAN
north
sea
NORTH
SEA
persian
PERSIAN
gulf GULF
carribean
sea
CARIBBEAN
SEA
south china
sea
Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13
My...reviews
SOUTH CHINA
OCEAN
CASE STUDIES
Inputs Intro trip Lecture
Lecture
theme 1
theme 2
TERRITORIAL STRATEGIES
TERRITORIAL CONSTITUTIONS
CS reviews TS reviews TC reviews
Lecture
theme 3
Lecture
theme 4
Lecture
theme 5
governance GOVERNANCE infrastructure INFRASTRUCTURES resources RESSOURCES climate CLIMATE economy
ECONOMY
Sarina Balkhausen Martin Lepoutre Giulia Altarelli Kristin Weinrich Elsa Beniada
François Nantermod Alexandros Fotakis Jeanne Wery Mathieu Bujnowskyj Pauline Seigneur
Diana Brasil Ingrid Gjermstad Nicoletta Caputto Achille Grosvernier Nicolas Feihl
Marine Beaumanoir Joan Genergonzalez Carmen Fischer Noémi Giliand Lucia Tinghi
Augustin Clément Tess Walvaren Caroline Iorio Chloé Coninckx Alessia Catellani
5

PAINTINGS
by Pauline Seigneur
PAINTINGS
by Pauline INSTALLATION
Seigneur
by Elsa Beniada
my Barents
case study South China Sea
territorial strategy climate
territorial constitution for Barents
Assignments
laba manifest - august 2012
a) My urban region
Students are asked to represent their conception of the specific urban region.
The goal of this project is to allow each student to interpret the urban region
in their own highly personal way. This exercise is an important basis for
discussion, especially given that a large number of our students are foreign
and can make an important contribution to our international perspective.
b) Case-Studies
The morphological structure of regions and cities similar to the specific region
we are studying, is analysed.
This work is done in groups with each group member researching one of 5 key
urban themes such as infrastructure, food, energy, health and education, as
well as other important demographic and urban parameters such as density,
economy, etc.
The 5 chosen themes are those considered most relevant to the particular
urban study area.
Each specialist researches his/her theme and it’s role within the evolution of
the urban structure. The final group report is a compilation of the individual
themes, including standardized statistical and physical data, as well as an
overall analysis and set of conclusions. The conclusions identify special and
unique features and clarify the advantages and problems of each case.
c) Urban Strategies
The specialists from each case-study work together as a group to conduct
research on the given urban area. The 5 themes such as infrastructure, food,
energy, health and education represent the focus of each specialist group.
The groups will propose an urban strategy driven mainly by the creation of
optimal conditions for the development of their theme. These urban strategies
will be extreme to the point of being almost narrow-minded in focusing on one
theme. However, it is in this extremity that useful approaches and concepts
are developed, which can later be modified in co-existence with the network
of the other 4 themes.
d) Urban Constitution
The goal of this assignment is to produce an urban constitution: a roadmap
providing a logical set of guiding rules which allow for an appropriate longterm
development of the given urban area.
The students work together in their original case-study group, thus forming
again 5 groups with specialists from each theme. Group work is understood to
be an important component. Students learn to negotiate and be a productive
member of a larger entity.
Each group develops an urban constitution which addresses the significant
issues and needs of the given zone in the short, medium and long term.
The proposed plan is represented as a schematic strategy that integrates
the multiple overlaying aspects of urban planning and design. The urban
constitution comprises texts as well as maps and models.
6

Methodology details
laba field trip to the Barents sea
laba design devellopment reviews
Phases
Reviews
Field Trip
laba manifest - august 2012
Laba’s study trips are a crucial part of the studio and link the urban
constitution established in the first semester, to it’s implementation in the
form of architectural projects in the second semester.
The field trip usually takes place at the end of the first semester, after students
have acquired an in-depth knowledge of the place through data, studies and
visual material. They confront this theoretical knowledge with a personal
experience of the place and explore in depth a specific site of intervention
where they propose an architectural / urban design project.
Semester 2
The second semester focuses on the specific physical implementation and
testing of the urban constitution. In this semester new typologies of urban
morphology will be explored. What can government officials, architects, urban
designers and planners do to improve the quality of urban life? What kind
of urban typologies work well, how can housing, working and civic spaces
be rethought and redesigned to reflect the needs and desires of an urban
population? This semester can be considered a ‘rehearsal’ for the specific
EPFL SAR master thesis. Students learn to develop a project on their own,
from the formulation of the question to it’s development into an architectural
project. For this students work individually or in groups of two depending on
the complexitiy of the proposed project.
The second semester is organized around 4 assignments based on building
phases as defined by different architectural bodies (AIA, RIBA, SIA, loi MOP).
Students define the projects themselves, that is they choose a site as well as
a program.
Schedule:
Week 1
Inputs Lecture
Structure
This refers back to the objective set out at the beginning, namely to extend the
architect’s influence on the built environment. The matrix below shows that
the actual field of influence of the architect today is much reduced compared
to the expanded field of influence that laba is advocating:
SIA
RIBA
AIA
MOP
laba
Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13 Week 14 Week 15 Week 16
FEASABILITY STUDY
FS
reviews1
PRODUCTION PROCESS
Strategic
planning
Feasibility
studies
Pre-
Esqui-
Feasibility
study
Lecture
Building
services
Preliminary
studies
Outline
design
FS
reviews 2
Site analysis
Avant-projet
sommaire
Schematic design
Lecture
Facade
Pro-
Scheme
design
Lecture
Fit-Out
Schematic
design
Avant-projet
définitif
SCHEMATIC DESIGN
Detail design
Design
development
Pro-
Design
development
SD
reviews
Production
information
Contract
documents
Contrat de
travaux
Construction
documentation
ARCHITECTS ACTUAL FIELD OF INFLUENCE
ARCHITECTS EXPANDED FIELD OF INFLUENCE
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Invitation to
bid
Tender
action
Bidding or
negotiations
Exécution et
examen
Implemantation
Project
planning
DD
reviews
Contract administration
Direction de
l’exécution
Site
operations
Pilotage
de chantier
Presentation documentation
CHARETTE
Final
reviews
Management
Feedback
Post-contract
services
Réception
7

the different project phases
Assignments
laba manifest - august 2012
a) Feasibility Study
This study outlines the current physical, infrastructural and legal conditions
and restrictions of a site and assesses the compatibility with a proposed
program.
A rough massing proposal is developed within a site model.
b) Schematic Design
The diagrammatic descriptions of the feasibility study are transformed into
a functional, logical, thematic and aesthetic architectural parti – an overall
design concept.
Within this phase, the contextual issues of site and connections are addressed
and solutions for basic issues such as structure, materials, overall aesthetics
and volumetric relationships are explored. The overall character of the project
is formulated.
c) Design Development
The goal of this phase is to strengthen the parti by generating appropriate and
specific details that will guide the process of deciding on the techniques and
technologies to be employed for fabrication and construction.
d) Presentation Documents
This phase combines all previous phases into a full set of documents
representing the project.
Deliverables for final critiques
First semester: Students present their ‘urban constitution’
- a presentation projected on a screen (powerpoint or pdf projection)
- the same presentation in book format (printed in A3 format)
- 1 – 2 maps showing the constitution in map format
Second semester: Students present their architectural / urban design project
- drawings (scale depends on project)
- site plan
- ground floor plan
- relevant upper floor plans
- elevations
- sections
- relevant detail
- photo montage / visualization
- models (scale depends on project)
- site model
- model of building / urban design
8

Learning outcomes
1st semester : territorial scale
2nd semester : architectural scale
laba manifest - august 2012
laba students are able to:
1st semester
- critically assess their own cultural background and how it influences the
understanding of a site
- use comparative case-studies to better understand their own research
location
- analyze the influence of key issues such as housing, infrastructure, economic
measures, governmental measures, etc. on urban areas
- create an ‘urban constitution’, that is a long-term roadmap for the development
of an urban area
- present their work through oral presentations and printed documentation
including texts, diagrams and maps
- learn to work in groups
2nd semester
- formulate a feasibility study regarding a site and program of their own
choosing
- conduct field research including the survey and documentation of a site
- initiate and follow a project through the various design phases: schematic
design, design development and detail drawings
- present their project through drawings, models, text descriptions, as well
as oral presentations
Recommended complementary classes
Students are encouraged to take further classes on the topics of territorial
and urban planning and theory. Of the current study plan we consider the
following classes as particularly relevant to our studio:
AR-221, 222, 323, 324, 421, 422 Theory of architecture
AR-223, 224, 323, 423m 424 History of architecture
AR-451, 452 Architecture and construction of the city
AR-261, 362 Theory of urban design
AR-383 City and habitat: from housing to territory
AR-458 city and mobility
AR-477 Understanding and reconceiving the urban
AR-492 Globalization and regionalization
AR-465 Urban habitat and development
AR-459, 460 City sciences
AR-489 Urban sociology
9

Research
laba manifest - august 2012
laba merges analytical research with creative design, seeking to develop and
refine methodologies which produce ideal solutions for specific programs,
locations, technologies or conditions. Many critical issues influencing
contemporary territories have enormous spatial implications, yet are seldom
addressed by architects. laba investigates these issues.
The pressure of immigration into European fringe cities (Athens- City of
Immigrants /Architecture of Integration lapa 2010/11) and the urbanization
of the ocean (A Territorial Constitution for the Barents Sea, laba 2011/12) are
two examples.
Technological developments such as GIS allow architects to investigate
urban development from any distance. Vast resources of information and
data are available and accessible. Sophisticated environmental modelling is
already possible through this technology. Ultimately, environmental factors
influencing cities can be designed and tested.
At the same time, to really understand urban phenomena architects need to
do extensive field work. The close-up view of urban situations at the human
scale, and the “gods-eye” view inform each other respectively and are
mutually dependent. Coupling these perspectives and utilizing the available
technological resources reveal the true nature of a particular urban context,
and enable the architect to arrive at specific local solutions for global tasks.
Through the development of this set of skills, laba aims to strengthen the
architect’s position within the urban debate. This approach also informs the
teaching programme.
Currently laba maintains a broad research base, drawing on experience gained
from specific design locations where a new urban or territorial condition is
manifested. Two particular areas of interest are;
- design as mediator of the urban context
- digital tools and their influence on the design and production of architecture.
laba’s research is currently carried out by one post-doctoral position, two
doctorates and one research assistant. Further to this, laba is committed to
the development of an interdisciplinary design doctorate “Complex Design”
at the EPFL through the SNF programme “ProDoc” (application in progress).
Two further research proposals have been submitted in 2012: CH16M2048
(1 doctoral position) and WiuUrbis (Waste Impact on Environmental and Urban
Design in Romania) part of the SNF Romanian-Swiss Research Programme
(two 50% positions) where both partners (EPFL LABA and UVT-DG) aim at
identifying the best solutions for environmental and urban design in Romania,
which will be used primarily by decision makers in Romania but also by
research circles in both Switzerland and Romania.
The project’s solutions are supported by GIS and Remote Sensing techniques
and incorporate several methods: (a) volunteer mobile information (VGI),
(b) GIS mapping, and (c) 3D computer simulations. The other solutions are
offered by architects, who will create waste-management-based urban
design models. The cumulative solutions will contribute, on the one hand,
to a better understanding of the problem and help raising awareness among
stakeholders and, on the other, to the creation of an implementable urban and
environmental design of the selected locations.
10

Research
digital technologies application
fish farming in Mediterranean sea
GIS visualisation
laba manifest - august 2012
Bifurcation of the Digital Chain
This research investigates contemporary digital technologies and how they
are influencing architectural design and production.
The parameters affecting architectural design are becoming increasingly
complex and interrelated. In contemporary society, digital tools are used to
mange the complexity of information, and digital technologies have changed
the way people interact with information and the world around them. This
thesis investigates the use of contemporary digital technologies in design and
production to determine if they are also being used effectively to manage the
increasing complexity of architectural design projects. The research explores
this topic at the level of both design theory and technology theory, and then
employs practical design and production investigations as “proof of concept”
for the developed theories. The research work concludes by providing an
answer to the question: “do current digital technologies constitute a paradigmshift
in architecture?”.
The role of ocean space in contemporary urbanization
Pressure on ocean space for energy production, extraction of resources,
residential, infrastructural and logistical development is increasing. Although
research has shown that almost no part of the global ocean remains
unaffected by human impact, as yet few architects are involved in this process
and physical structures in the ocean seem to be determined by engineering
and world market logistics.
The objective of this research is to propose a position for ocean spatial typologies
within the contemporary urban debate in relation to networks, landscape,
ecology and technology. Ocean activities characterized by a quantum shift in
intensity, scale and technology will be the focus of the examination.
Preliminary investigations have revealed that the majority of spatial decisions
about the ocean apply planning instruments directly comparable to those
used on land.
Interaction with water in the form of planning implies particular operational
conditions and responsible treatment of a valuable resource and a complex
habitat. Which forms of urbanisation, and which planning strategies can be
developed with the ocean itself as an “active” agent?
GeoDesign as an approach to Architecture
In architecture a variety of 2D and 3D CAD software solutions are used for
design and design rendering to create a virtual representation of architectural
projects. Although these tools have a great capacity of handling large amounts
of data, they fail in integrating the project in it’s urban and environmental
context. Geographic Information Systems and their software application can
offer the missing support in designing a well-integrated project.
Laba thus investigates the possibility of creating a GIS Decision Making
Software Model for Architecture, both using existing software and new
software development. laba’s existing and extensive methodology of site
investigation will be expanded through a GIS DMM (Decision Making Model).
This model will incorporate a multitude of data layers, from climate data up to
political administration information, which will enable the designer to grasp
the local situation in one central location.
11

Research
LiDAR model
population density map
urban portrait from studio basel
Mumbai
laba manifest - august 2012
Programming Interfaces and Google’s keyhole technology.
Laba is also starting to investigate the usage of high resolution LiDAR
technologies for site investigation and urban fabric analysis. Using LiDAR
architects will be able to stay in touch with the project site even if it is far
away from the architectural office. Integrating this knowledge in the laba
investigation model (LIM) will provide the architect with extensive knowledge
of the site’s condition.
CH2048
Within the framework of a larger research project initiated by the ALICE
lab under Professor Dieter Dietz, laba will conduct research on the urban
morphology of a hypothetical Switzerland in 2048. This will be the focus of our
2012 / 2013 studio.
Even though the current official projected number of inhabitants for 2048
is lies between 6.5 and11.5 mil.), the number of inhabitants would reach 14
million if we project the growth rate of the last few years into the future.
This almost doubling of the population will put considerable pressure on the
built and rural environment of Switzerland. We believe it will not be sufficient
to simply continue with the existing regional and urban strategies, but that
new approaches are needed. Given the longevity of urban developments, we
further believe it to be necessary to envision them far ahead of time, rather
than react step by step to immediate pressures.
In our first semester, we will look at 5 different regional zones ranging from
metropolitan areas to rural areas and propose ‘constitutions’ for these types of
zones. In the second semester we will focus on exploring urban morphologies,
that is urban and architectural interventions that test and support the urban
constitutions established in the previous semester. Each architectural / urban
design intervention will refer back to the urban constitution of the zone in
which it is located.
Sustainable built environments – Holcim Foundation Forum 2013
laba conducts research on sustainable built environments within the
framework of the Holcim Foundation Forum 2013. Harry Gugger is in charge
of a research group focusing on the ‘compact city’ and to what extent we can
still argue today, that this is the most sustainable settlement type. Our group
invited 4 experts from the fields of urban design, landscape architecture,
sociology and urban planning and economics to discuss this topic. Each expert
will submit a paper to be presented at the Forum in Bombay in April 2013 and
to be published thereafter. Our own paper will act as a framework for the 4
12

Reading list
Histoire de l architecture moderne
Learning from Las Vegas
Delirious NY
laba manifest - august 2012
A
Allen, Stan: Points and Lines: Diagrams and Projects for the City
B
Baccini, Peter / Oswald, Franz: Netzstadt – Einführung in das Stadtentwerfen
Baccini, Peter, Oswald, Franz: Netzstadt – Transdisziplinare Methoden zum
Umbau urbaner Systeme
Bell, Daniel: The Coming of Post-Industrial Society
Benevolo, Leonardo: Histoire de la Ville
Brown, Denise / Venturi, Robert / Izenour, Stephen: Learning from Las Vegas
Burdett, Richard: The Endless City
C
CIAM manifesto 1933
Corboz, André: Le Territoire comme palimpeste et autres essais
D
E
F
Flury, Aitoa: Cooperation: The Engineer and the Architect
G
H
Hall, Peter: Cities of Tomorrow – Critical History of Planning in Theory and
Practice in the 20th Century
David Harvey: The condition of postmodernity
Harvey, David: Spaces of Capital – Toward a Critical Geography
Harvey, David: Cities of Hope
Herzog and de Meuron: El Croquis
Hobsbawn, Eric: The Age of Capital
I
J
Jacob, Sam: Ceci n’est pas une pipe
Jacobs, Jane: The Death and Life of Great American Cities
Jameson, Frederic, Postmodernism or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism
Jameson, Frederic / Meyoshi, Masao: The Cultures of Globalization
K
Kahn, Louis: Monograph
Klitz, A. / O.Frey / W.Rosinak: ‘Stadt und Nachhaltigkeit’
Koolhaas, Rem: S,M,L,XL
Koolhaas, Rem: Delirious NY
Koolhaas, Rem: Content
Kunstler, James Howard: The Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of
America’s Man-Made Landscape
L
Lampugnani, Vittorio: Architektur und Städtebau des 20. Jahrhunderts
Le Corbusier: Monograph
Lefebvre, Henri: The Production of Space (orig. „La Production de
l’Espace“ Paris, 1981)
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Composition et non-composition
Collage City
The endless city
laba manifest - august 2012
LeGates, Richard T. / Stout, Frederic: The City Reader
Loos, Adolf: sämtliche Schriften in zwei Bänden
LSE: The endless City, Living the Endless City (LSE)
Lucan, J.: composition et non-composition
Lynch, Kevin: The Image of the City
M
N
O
OMA: El Croquis
P
Q
R
Rienets, Tim / Sigler, Jennifer / Christiaanse, Kees: Open City- designing coexistence
(Arch Biennale Rotterdam 2009)
Rossi, Aldo: L’Architecture de la Ville
Rowe, Collin / Fred Koetter: Collage City
S
Sanaa: El Croquis
Sassen, Saskia: The Global City
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Theorie der Produktion des Raums, Stuttgart 2010
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