SIGUARD PSA

SIGUARD ® PSA
Protection security assessment
for control centers and studies
www.siemens.com/siguard
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rainer Krebs
Principal Expert Power Technologies
Head of Protection and Control System Studies
Siemens AG, Infrastructure & Cities Sector
IC SG SE PTI NC PCS, Erlangen, Germany
Honorary Professor for System Protection and Control
Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
German Member in working groups of: IEC, CIGRE, IEEE, DKE, T&D Europe
Board Member of VDE Bavaria
Page 2
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

Content
• Field Examples
• Protection System Review: classical and new
• The Solution: SIGUARD ®
• The Protection Security Assessment
SIGUARD ® PSA
• References
Page 3
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

Content
• Field Examples
• Protection System Review: classical and new
• The Solution: SIGUARD ®
• The Protection Security Assessment
SIGUARD ® PSA
• References
Page 4
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

Field Examples
Incidents, causes, implications, consequences
Fall Case I: I: Städtisches Urban Network Netz
• Cause: weakness in the protection scheme
• Implication: damaged S/S, disconnection of a large network area
• Consequence: replacement & repair costs, damage of public image
Case II: Rural Network
Fall II: Regionales Netz
• Cause: false protection settings
• Implication: disconnection of an important industrial customer
• Consequence: loss of production, complaint, migration of industrial plant
Result of Root Cause Analysis
Ergebnis der Fehlerklärung:
• The causes of both incidents could have been found and corrected
prior to the incidents if protection security assessments would have
been performed
• The enhancement of the protection scheme and the improvement
of relay settings respectively would have avoided/ limited the physical
and monetary damage of both incidents
Page 5
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

Field Examples
Root Cause Analysis
Why were the fault causes not detected prior to the incidents?
• Networks are continuously changing and consequently the performance
and adequacy of the protection system must be regularly checked
to detect limitations and weak points
• Hidden faults, e.g. of the back-up protection, are mainly found by simulation
of the combined power & protection system or by real disturbances
• Protection system reviews are complex and time-consuming
• Automated solutions are normally unavailable and consequently protection
system reviews are not performed in regular intervals
When should protection security assessments be performed?
• For the root cause analysis after disturbances
• In case of structural changes in network, e.g. construction projects
• In case of changing operating conditions, e.g. new generation connections
• For the determination and validation of new protection settings
• For the verification of the correct protection function prior to switching
actions
• For the validation of remedial action in critical system conditions
• After takeover of operation license for new network area
Page 6
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

Field Examples
Involvement of Protection Relays in Blackouts
In 80% of all blackouts relays are involved
• Zone 3 trips of distance relays,
often used for overload protection instead of
thermal models in numerical relays
• Missing load and power swing blocking
• Uncoordinated protection / or overload
settings across borders or between diff.
utilities
• Too low synchro-check settings
• OC backup in parallel to distance or
differential protection without delay
• Development of primary system without
adaption of relaying design and relay settings
Source: udoleuschner.de: 400kV Mettlen-Lavorgo Line
Area of tree flashover starting the 2003 Italy Blackout
Page 7
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

Content
• Field Examples
• Protection System Review: classical and new
• The Solution: SIGUARD ®
• The Protection Security Assessment
SIGUARD ® PSA
• References
Page 8
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

SH EBA
1000,0 MVA
0,1 p.u.
ZW T G1 ZW T G2 ZWT G3 ZWT G4
65,0 MVA 65,0 MV A 65,0 MVA 65,0 MVA
0,1 p.u. 0,1 p.u . 0,1 p.u. 0,1 p.u.
0,2 p.u. 0,2 p.u . 0,2 p.u. 0,2 p.u.
G G G G
ZW T G1 ZW T G2 ZW T G3 ZWT G4
ZWT UT1
68,0 MVA
12,5 %
ZWT UT2
68,0 MVA
12,5 %
ZWT UT3
68,0 MVA
12,5 %
ZWT UT4
68,0 MVA
12,5 %
ZW T 220A ZW T 220B ZW T 2 20C ZWT 220D
AL ALLOY bundle
8,7 km
AL ALLOY bundle
8,7 km
AL ALLOY bundle
8,7 km
GDB 220A
GDB 220B
ST _GD B-A ST _GDB -B ST_GDB-A ST _GD B B
63,0 MVA 63,0 MVA 63,0 MVA 63,0 MVA
12,6 %
12,6 %
9,9 %
9,9 %
GDB 30A GDB 30B GDB 66A GDB 66B
L GDB A L GDB B L GDB A L GDB B
10,1 MW 10,1 MW 10,1 MW 10,1 MW
0,0 MVA r 0,0 MVA r 0,0 MVAr 0,0 MVAr
JA L 220A
JA L 220B
JA L 30A
L JAL A
15,1 MW
0,0 MVAr
ST_JAL-A
63,0 MVA
9,9 %
SRW 220A
SRW 220B
JA L 30B
S RW 66A
L JA L B
15,1 MW
0,0 MVA r
L S RW A
6,7 MW
0,0 MVA r
AL ALLOY bundle
8,7 km
BR 1-SR W
25,0 MVA
BR1-GDB
50,0 MVA
88 90
73 75
72 70
AL ALLOY bundl e
259,0 km
ST _JAL-B
63,0 MVA
9,9 %
74
77
AL ALLOY bundl e
159,4 km
78
Le it un g 17
AL ALLOY bundl e
259,0 km
76
79
L eit un g 18
AL ALLOY bundl e
159,4 km
80
ST _SR W-A ST _S RW -B
63,0 MVA 63,0 MVA
10,8 %
10,8 %
KUF TZR
13 3, 0 MVA
0, 1 p. u.
SR W 66B
L S RW B
6,7 MW
0,0 MVA r
Leitung 16
GMS 220A
GMS 220B
RE DW ING bundle
86 ,4 km
RE DW ING bundle
86 ,4 km
69
71
ST _GMS-A
63,0 MVA
10,8 %
L GMS A
3,9 MW
0,0 MVA r
GMS 66A
L GMS B
3,9 MW
0,0 MVA r
L eit un g 20
68
ST_GMS-B
63,0 MVA
10,8 %
GMS 66B
66
GOOS E singl e
144,3 km
GOOS E singl e
133,8 km
REDWING bundle
36,4 km
Leitung 15 REDWING bundle
36,4 km
GWR 220 A
GWR 220 B
67
65
Leitung 21
REDWING bundle
8,8 km
REDWING bundle
8,8 km
63 61
20
58
18 60
ST_GWR-B ST_GWR-A ST _GW R-B
63,0 MVA
12,6 %
ST _GW R-A
63,0 MVA
63,0 MVA 63,0 MVA
12,6 %
9,9 % 9,9 %
GWR 30A GW R 30B GWR 66A GWR 66B
L GWR A L GWR B L GW R A L GWR B
30,0 MW 30,0 MW 30,0 MW 30,0 MW
0,0 MVA r 0,0 MV Ar 0,0 MVAr 0,0 MVA r
BNS 220A
BNS 220B
64
89
86
ST _BN S-4W
62 60,0 MVA
60,0 MVA
60,0 MVA
12,2 %
27,8 %
ST_BNS-B1
12,7 %
63,0 MVA
9,9 %
Leitung 14
REDWING bundle
25,4 km
REDWING bundle
25,4 km
BNP 220A
BNP 220B
55 53
BNP 30A BNP 30B
L eit un g 22
L BNP A L BNP B
35,3 MW 35,3 MW
0,0 MVA r 0,0 MVAr
XLPE CABLE
15,0 km
BN C 30B
B NC 30A
L B NC B L BNC A
16 ,5 MW 16,5 MW
0,0 MVAr 0,0 MVAr
XLPE CABLE
15,0 km
56 54
BNC 220A
BNC 220B
ST_BNC-B ST_BNC-A
63,0 MVA 63,0 MV A
9,9 %
9,9 %
GO OS E s i ngl e
10,5 km
Leitung 19
ST _BN P- A
63,0 MVA
9,9 %
85 87 50 52 48
BUT 220A
BUT 220B
57 59
ST_BUT-A1 ST _BU T-A 2
ST_BNS-B2
63,0 MVA 63,0 MVA
12,5 %
12,5 %
63,0 MVA
9,9 %
Le itu ng 13
REDWING bundle
152,4 km
REDWING bundle
152,4 km
ST_BNP-B
63,0 MVA
9,9 %
49 51
REDWING bundle
11,6 km
BN P G1
210,0 MVA
0,1 p.u.
0,2 p.u.
BNP G1 BN P G2 BNP G3 BNP G4
BNP UT1 BN P U T2 BN P UT 3 BNP UT4
176,0 MVA 176,0 MVA 176,0 MVA 176,0 MVA
12,5 %
12,5 %
12,5 %
12,5 %
REDWING bundle
11,6 km
G
Leitung 12
BU T 30A
BUT 30B
BN S 30B
B NS 30A -1 BNS 30A -2
L eit un g 23
L BUT A
L BNS A
L BNS B
63,8 MW
58,8 MW
58,8 MW
0,0 MVAr
0,0 MVAr
0,0 MVAr
BN P G2
210,0 MVA
0,1 p.u.
0,2 p.u.
G
L B UT B
63,8 MW
0,0 MVA r
46
ST _B UT -B
63,0 MVA
12,5 %
BNP G3
210,0 MVA
0,1 p.u.
0,2 p.u.
G
44
BNP G4
21 0,0 MVA
0,1 p.u.
0,2 p.u.
42
G
GOOS E single
9,5 km
GOOS E single
9,5 km
REDWING bundle
2,2 km
REDWING bundle
2,2 km
Leitung 10
43 41
BNN 220A
BNN 220B47
45
38 40
17
L eit un g 11
MRJ 220A
MRJ 220B
ST _MRJ-A ST_MRJ-B
63,0 MVA 63,0 MVA
12,6 %
12,6 %
MRJ 30A MRJ 30B
L MRJ A L MRJ B
29,8 MW 29,8 MW
0,0 MVA r 0,0 MVAr
MRW 220A
MRW 220B
ST_BNN-A ST _BN N-B
63,0 MV A 63,0 MVA
9,9 % 9,9 %
B NN 30A BNN 30B
L BNN A L B NN B
17,4 MW 17,4 MW
0,0 MVAr 0,0 MVA r
BR 1-MRW
25,0 MVA
19
GOOSE si ngle
84,5 km
37
22
GOOSE si ngle
60,9 km
Le it un g 9
GOOSE si ngle
84,5 km
39
24
GOOSE singl e
60,9 km
Leitung 8
23 27
21
25
BR 2-MRW
25,0 MVA
ST _MRW -A
31,5 MVA
31,5 MVA
31,5 MVA
9,2 %
20,3 %
10,0 %
MRW 66A MRW 30A MRW 30B MRW 66B
L MRW A L MRW A L MRW B L MRW B
14,6 MW 14,6 MW 14,6 MW 14,6 MW
0,0 MVA r 0,0 MVA r 0,0 MVAr 0,0 MVA r
XRD 220A
XRD 220B
GO OS E s i ngl e
62,3 km
GO OS E s i ngl e
62,3 km
16 14
ST _MRW-B
31,5 MVA
31,5 MVA
31,5 MVA
9,2 %
20,3 %
10,0 %
L XRD C
30,6 MW
0,0 MVAr
RE DW ING bundle
191,7 km
RE DW ING bundle
191,7 km
Leitung 4
GOOSE si ngle
63,8 km
DR N 66A
DR N 66B
GOOSE si ngle
63,8 km
BR 1-TB K
25,0 MVA
DRN G2
DR N G 1
81,3 MVA
81,3 MVA
G 0,1 p.u. G 0,1 p.u.
0,2 p.u.
0,2 p.u.
DR N UT 2
DRN UT1
81,5 MVA
81,5 MVA
10,1 %
10,1 %
GOOSE si ngle
116,1 km
05
DRN LT2
DR N LT 1
75,0 MVA
75,0 MVA
10,0 %
10,0 %
DRN 220A
DRN 220B 34
32
36 30
ST_DRN-A ST_DRN-B
75,0 MVA 75 ,0 MVA
10,5 %
10 ,5 %
DRN 30A
DR N 30B
GOOSE single
72,4 km
GOOSE single
L DR N A L DR N B
44,8 MW 44,8 MW
72,4 km
0,0 MVAr 0,0 MVAr
Le itu n g 6
X RD 66C
ST_XRD-C
100,0 MVA
12,8 %
33 35
L T AM A L T AM B
8,4 MW 8,4 MW
28 26
0,0 MVA r 0,0 MVA r
Leitung 5
ST _XR D-A ST_XRD-B
63,0 MVA 63,0 MVA
10,8 %
10,8 %
TA M66A TA M 66B
XR D 66A X RD 66B
ST _T AM-B
ST _TA M-A 63,0 MVA
63,0 MVA 10,8 %
10,8 %
29 31
L X RD A L X RD B
30,6 MW 30 ,6 MW TAM 220A
0,0 MVA r 0,0 MVAr
TAM 220B
13 15 06 10 08 12
Leitung 7
DR N G2
DRN G1
GOOSE si ngle
116,1 km
Leitung 3
TBK 220A
TBK 220B
TBK UT1 TB K U T2
ST_TBK-A ST_TBK-B
81,5 MVA 81,5 MVA
75,0 MVA 75 ,0 MVA
10,1 %
10,1 %
10,5 %
10 ,5 %
09
REDWING bundle
117,0 km
07
REDWING bundle
117,0 km
Le it un g 2
ST _TB K-A
63,0 MVA
10,8 %
TB K 3 0A T BK 30B TB K 66A TB K 66B
TBK G1
TB K G2
L TB K A L TB K B L T BK A L T B K B
G G 19,3 MW 19,3 MW 19,3 MW 19 ,3 MW
0,0 MVAr 0,0 MVAr 0,0 MVA r 0,0 MVAr
TBK G1 TB K G2
81 ,5 MVA 81,5 MVA
0,1 p.u.
0,1 p.u.
0,2 p.u.
0,2 p.u.
BR2-TBK
25,0 MVA
A L ALLOY bundle
165,0 km
A L ALLOY bundle
165,0 km
Leitung 1
11 02 04
03 01
SLM 220A
SLM 220B
BR 1-SLM BR 2-SLM
25,0 MVA 25,0 MVA
ST_TBK-B
63,0 MVA
10,8 %
EGYPT
5000,0 MVA
0,1 p.u.
Protection System Review
New: with protection system ‘fingerprints’ from SIGUARD PSA
Analogy: Magnetic Resonance Scan Imaging
Diagnosis &
Treatment
Network and
Protection Model
Protection Simulation
Weak point
visualization
Analysis &
Countermeasures
Automated
protection
performance
assessment for
relevant operating
& fault scenarios
Improved
settings
Prevention
of supply
interruptions
Page 10
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

SIGUARD ® PSA
Example: Urban Network
Page 11
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

SIGUARD ® PSA
Example: Simulation
Leitungen
L-West-Grünwinkel
L-Grünwinkel-Süd
L-West-Mitte
L-West-StoraEnso
L-West-Heide
L-Süd-Oberwald
Lines
L-Ost-Uni
L-Ost-Oberwald
L-Ost-Mitte
L-Ost-Blöße
L-Nord-Uni
L-Nord-Heide
L-Nord-Blöße
L-G Fault
Ik1E.dat - - Fehlerwiderstand 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 21 0 Ohm
1 21 41 61 81 99
relative Länge in % (Fehlerort)
Rel. line length in %
Fault resistance
< 25 Ohm
24 Ohm
< 23 Ohm
22 Ohm
< 21 Ohm
20 Ohm
< 19 Ohm
18 Ohm
< 17 Ohm
16 Ohm
< 15 Ohm
14 Ohm
< 13 Ohm
12 Ohm
< 11 Ohm
10 Ohm
< 9,0 Ohm
8,0 Ohm
< 7,0 Ohm
6,0 Ohm
< 5,0 Ohm
4,0 Ohm
< 3,0 Ohm
2,0 Ohm
< 1,0 Ohm
0,0 Ohm
Successful fault clearance
Schutzgeräte an dem zu schützenden Betriebsmittel lösen korrekt aus
Page 12
2013-06 R. Krebs
Schutzgeräte an dem zu schützenden Betriebsmittel sollten in der zweiten
Zone auslösen, lösen ab bereits in der ersten Zone aus - und umgekehrt
Protection trips to fast
Schutzgeräte an dem zu schützenden Betriebsmittel lösen erst in der
dritten Zone, oder einer höheren Zone, aus
Protection trips delayed
bei einem Fehler auf dem zu schützenden Betriebsmittel löst mindestens
Protection overfunction
© Siemens ein nachgeordnetes AG 2012. Schutzgerät All mit aus rights (Überfunktion) reserved.
Protection nicht aus (Unterfunktion)
underfunction IC SG SE PTI
mindestens ein Schutzgerät an dem zu schützenden Betriebsmittel löst

SIGUARD ® PSA
Example: Network area with 80 lines and 300 relays
original protection ‘fingerprint’
Namen und
Leitungslängen
Detaillierte
Informationen über
Schutzverhalten
Lines
Objective:
Selectivity
selectively coordinated network
Fault location
(% Line length)
Variables
ColorCoding
Relays
- Protection behavior presented in layers
- New relay coordination only done where needed
- Change of protection scheme if required performance
cannot be achieved by setting improvement alone
- New devices
- Verification of ‚improvements‘
- Usage as training simulator
- Certification of protection system
Page 13
L-G fault
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

SIGUARD ® PSA
Example: Network area with 80 lines and 300 relays
Relay Error Rate
Page 14
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

Overview diagram for all relays (300) –
Relay Error Rate for 1-phase fault
Relay Error Rate
for original protection settings
Relay Error Rate
for improved protection settings
SIGUARD PSA makes the
improvements measureable
Page 15
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

Content
• Field Examples
• Protection System Review: classical and new
• The Solution: SIGUARD ®
• The Protection Security Assessment
SIGUARD ® PSA
• References
Page 16
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

SIGUARD ®
The family of Power System Security Solutions
SIGUARD is an innovative solution
that helps ensure reliable power supply
at all times.
SIGUARD DSA: „Dynamic Security Assessment“
for evaluation of the impact of contingencies on
power system stability and it’s improvement
SIGUARD PDP: „Phasor Data Processor“
for acquisition, management and analysis of PMU
measurements
SIGUARD PSA: “Protection Security Assessment”
for evaluation, auditing and improvement of the
protection system
Page 17
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

Content
• Field Examples
• Protection System Review: classical and new
• The Solution: SIGUARD ®
• The Protection Security Assessment
SIGUARD ® PSA
• References
Page 18
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

SIGUARD ® PSA - Data Aggregation
Cockpit
Page 19
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

SIGUARD ® PSA
Open Software Structure, same application platform as for DSA
SCADA
Snapshot
Steady-State Network
Interface
Energy Trade,
Renewable and
Load Forecast
Dynamic Network
Database
SIGUARD ® PDP
PMU Data Stream
Dynamic PMU
Interface
Contingencies &
Measures
Scenarios
Automatic
Contingencies &
Measures
Protection
Database
SETUP,
CONFIGURATION
Margins &
Criteria
Index Selection
Protection
Speed
Computation
Engine
Application Platform
Protection
Selectivity
Evaluation and Fault Pattern Analysis
Protection
Security
PSS ® Suite
Contingencies,
Measures
Interface
Result
Database
SCADA
SIGUARD PSA
RDC
SCADA
SIGUARD ® PDP
Monitoring
Page 20
2013-06 R. Krebs
Visualization &
Reporting
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

SIGUARD ® PSA
Easy to Connect
Future
Integration with
Spectrum Power
Standalone with
any SCADA
Page 21
PSS PSS ® ® /E /E
PSS ® /E
PSS ® /E files
Steady-state snapshopts
Micro-Topology
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

Content
• Field Examples
• Protection System Review: classical and new
• The Solution: SIGUARD ®
• The Protection Security Assessment
SIGUARD ® PSA
• References
Page 22
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

SIGUARD ® PSA
Customers
SIGUARD PSA Customers
• GridCo (Ghana)
• CTSO (Cyprus)
• Karlsruhe, Münster, Unna (Germany)
- Transmission system
- Island system
- City distribution system
PSS Software Suite Customers
Number of Customers: ~ 1500
Thereof TSOs: ~ 150
Share of customers with M&S: ~ 60%
Countries: ~ 150
1950 1975 2000
More than 60 years of experience in power system simulation software development
Page 23
2013-06 R. Krebs
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
IC SG SE PTI

Thank you for your attention!
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rainer E. Krebs
Head of Protection and Control System Studies
Principal Expert for Power Technologies
Phone: +49 9131 – 7 33515
Fax: +49 9131 – 7 35017
Mobile: +49 171 – 3026091
E-mail: rainer.krebs@siemens.com
Dr.-Ing. Thomas Bopp
Consultant SIGUARD PSA
Phone: +49 9131 – 7 35354
Fax: +49 9131 – 7 35017
Mobile: +49 174 – 1525088
E-mail: thomas.bopp@siemens.com
Siemens AG, IC SG SE PTI
Freyeslebenstrasse 1
91058 Erlangen
Germany
Page 24
www.siemens.com/siguard
© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.
2013-06 R. Krebs
IC SG SE PTI